Furdová A, Krčméry V, Horkovičová K, Furdová Ad, Sláviková T
Cesk Slov Oftalmol. 2016 Fall;72(3):86-90.
Documentation of the anterior segment and the eye fundus with instruments that enable quality precision diagnostics is a common and important part of screening in humanitarian ophthalmology projects. It is the essential element in diagnosis, monitoring and management of eye diseases. In sub saharan countries within the screening for ophthalmologist are not available the modern technologies such as biomicroscope (slit lamp) or fundus camera. We describe our experience with photographs of anterior segment of the eye by using digital camera and Smartphone. The documentation of the eye fundus was recorded through 20D Volk spherical lens to Smartphone.
Within the screening projects in collaboration with St. Elisabeth University of Health and Social Sciences for eye diseases in the year 2014 in Bigugu, Rwanda and in 2015 in Mapuordit, South Sudan, we examined patients who were unable to reach ophthalmologic care. We used a flashlight, a direct ophthalmoscope, tables to determine visual acuity on illiterate, Schiøtz tonometer, Volk lens, Smartphone. Patients who underwent screening, and needed glasses, got from humanitarian collection already used dioptric eyeglasses or sunglasses. For documentation of the anterior segment we used a digital camera and for patients in whom it was necessary to document fundus findings detected by direct ophthalmoscopy we took the opportunity of Smartphone with 8 Mpix camera and the LED flash and Volk lens plus 20 Diopters.
In 2014 within the project in Bigugu, Rwanda and in 2015 in Mapuordit, South Sudan, we examined patients in an improvised clinic without access to electricity.We examined in 2014 a total of 340 patients and in 2015 a total of 290 patients. Patient age was due to the unavailability of designated identification records estimated with the help of an interpreter. In both groups, the mean age of the patients was about 30 years. The most common diseases leading to blindness were cataract, trachoma, post-traumatic conditions. Infectious diseases and consequences of untreated infectious diseases were the cause of 20% of the permanent changes on the surface of the eye or the adnexa. In the group of HIV positive patients we did not mention pathological findings on the eye fundus.
Anterior segment findings documentation with digital camera or mobile phone and fundus examination using a Smartphone and Volks lens with a value of plus 20D is inexpensive and manageable technique which can capture high quality and reproducible images. These techniques are suitable for photo documentation of anterior segment and also eye fundus screening within humanitarian projects of eye diseases in developing countries.
anterior segment examination, eye fundus examination, Smartphone, digital camera, humanitarian screening projects of eye diseases.
使用能够实现高质量精准诊断的仪器记录眼前节和眼底情况，是人道主义眼科项目筛查中常见且重要的一部分。它是眼病诊断、监测和管理的关键要素。在撒哈拉以南国家，眼科筛查中无法获得生物显微镜（裂隙灯）或眼底照相机等现代技术。我们描述了使用数码相机和智能手机拍摄眼前节照片的经验。通过20D Volk球面透镜将眼底图像记录到智能手机上。
在2014年于卢旺达比古古以及2015年于南苏丹马普奥迪特与圣伊丽莎白健康与社会科学大学合作开展的眼病筛查项目中，我们对无法获得眼科护理的患者进行了检查。我们使用了手电筒、直接检眼镜、用于确定文盲患者视力的视力表、Schiøtz眼压计、Volk透镜、智能手机。接受筛查且需要眼镜的患者，从人道主义募捐中获得已使用过的屈光眼镜或太阳镜。对于眼前节的记录，我们使用了数码相机；对于那些需要记录直接检眼镜检测到的眼底检查结果的患者，我们利用了配备800万像素摄像头、LED闪光灯以及Volk透镜加20屈光度的智能手机。
2014年在卢旺达比古古的项目以及2015年在南苏丹马普奥迪特的项目中，我们在一个没有电力供应的临时诊所对患者进行了检查。2014年我们共检查了340名患者，2015年共检查了290名患者。由于没有指定的身份识别记录，患者年龄是在翻译人员的帮助下估算的。两组患者的平均年龄均约为30岁。导致失明的最常见疾病是白内障、沙眼、创伤后病症。传染病以及未治疗传染病的后果是眼部表面或附属器永久性病变的20%的病因。在HIV阳性患者组中，我们未提及眼底的病理检查结果。
使用数码相机或手机记录眼前节检查结果以及使用配备20D正度数的智能手机和Volk透镜进行眼底检查，是一种廉价且易于操作的技术，能够获取高质量且可重复的图像。这些技术适用于发展中国家眼病人道主义项目中的眼前节照片记录以及眼底筛查。
眼前节检查；眼底检查；智能手机；数码相机；眼病人道主义筛查项目
