Neurobiology of Malnutrition, Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Neurosciences, Cinvestav, I.P.N, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, Col. San Pedro Zacatenco, AP 12-740 Mexico, D.F., Mexico.
Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, Manhasset, New York 11030, USA.
Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj. 2017 Jan;1861(1 Pt A):3071-3084. doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.09.020. Epub 2016 Sep 20.
Hypertension is a major risk factor for ischemic heart disease and stroke, leading causes of morbidity and death worldwide. Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), caused by an excess of glucocorticoid exposure to the fetus, produces an imbalance in oxidative stress altering many biochemical and epigenetic gene transcription processes exposing the fetus and neonate to the 'thrifty' phenotype and pervasive polymorphisms appearance damaging health, cognitive, and behavioral processes in later life. OT is a major regulator of oxidative stress radicals that plays a major role in neonatal maturation of the central nervous system and many peripheral tissues expressing oxytocin/oxytocin-receptor (OT/OTR) system in the early postnatal period. OT and OTR are damaged by IUGR and early stress. This review highlights the fact that hypertension is likely to be a legacy of preterm birth due to IUGR and failure to meet nutritional needs in early infancy when fed formula instead of breastfeeding or human milk.
高血压是缺血性心脏病和中风的主要危险因素，也是全球发病率和死亡率的主要原因。宫内生长受限（IUGR）是由于胎儿暴露于过量的糖皮质激素引起的，会导致氧化应激失衡，改变许多生化和表观遗传基因转录过程，使胎儿和新生儿易患“节俭”表型和普遍存在的多态性，从而损害其生命后期的健康、认知和行为过程。OT 是活性氧自由基的主要调节剂，在中枢神经系统和许多外周组织的新生儿成熟过程中发挥重要作用，在出生后的早期阶段表达催产素/催产素受体（OT/OTR）系统。OT 和 OTR 会受到 IUGR 和早期应激的损害。本综述强调了这样一个事实，即高血压很可能是由于 IUGR 和婴儿期未能满足营养需求而导致早产的遗留问题，此时用配方奶粉代替母乳喂养或人乳进行喂养。
