Hoang T, Castorina R, Gaspar F, Maddalena R, Jenkins P L, Zhang Q, McKone T E, Benfenati E, Shi A Y, Bradman A
Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Indoor Air. 2017 May;27(3):609-621. doi: 10.1111/ina.12340. Epub 2016 Oct 26.
Little information exists about exposures to volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in early childhood education (ECE) environments. We measured 38 VOCs in single-day air samples collected in 2010-2011 from 34 ECE facilities serving California children and evaluated potential health risks. We also examined unknown peaks in the GC/MS chromatographs for indoor samples and identified 119 of these compounds using mass spectral libraries. VOCs found in cleaning and personal care products had the highest indoor concentrations (d-limonene and decamethylcyclopentasiloxane [D5] medians: 33.1 and 51.4 μg/m³, respectively). If reflective of long-term averages, child exposures to benzene, chloroform, ethylbenzene, and naphthalene exceeded age-adjusted "safe harbor levels" based on California's Proposition 65 guidelines (10 lifetime cancer risk) in 71%, 38%, 56%, and 97% of facilities, respectively. For VOCs without health benchmarks, we used information from toxicological databases and quantitative structure-activity relationship models to assess potential health concerns and identified 12 VOCs that warrant additional evaluation, including a number of terpenes and fragrance compounds. While VOC levels in ECE facilities resemble those in school and home environments, mitigation strategies are warranted to reduce exposures. More research is needed to identify sources and health risks of many VOCs and to support outreach to improve air quality in ECE facilities.
关于幼儿教育(ECE)环境中挥发性有机化合物(VOCs)暴露的信息很少。我们在2010 - 2011年从为加利福尼亚州儿童服务的34个幼儿教育机构采集的单日空气样本中测量了38种挥发性有机化合物,并评估了潜在的健康风险。我们还检查了室内样本气相色谱 - 质谱联用仪(GC/MS)色谱图中的未知峰,并使用质谱库鉴定了其中119种化合物。清洁和个人护理产品中发现的挥发性有机化合物在室内浓度最高(d - 柠檬烯和十甲基环五硅氧烷[D5]中位数:分别为33.1和51.4μg/m³)。如果反映长期平均值,根据加利福尼亚州第65号提案指南(终身癌症风险为十万分之一),儿童接触苯、氯仿、乙苯和萘的比例分别超过71%、38%、56%和97%的机构的年龄调整“安全港水平”。对于没有健康基准的挥发性有机化合物,我们使用毒理学数据库和定量构效关系模型的信息来评估潜在的健康问题,并确定了12种需要进一步评估的挥发性有机化合物,包括一些萜类化合物和香料化合物。虽然幼儿教育机构中的挥发性有机化合物水平与学校和家庭环境中的相似,但仍需要采取缓解策略来减少暴露。需要更多的研究来确定许多挥发性有机化合物的来源和健康风险,并支持开展宣传活动以改善幼儿教育机构的空气质量。