Chin J-Y, Godwin C, Parker E, Robins T, Lewis T, Harbin P, Batterman S
School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Indoor Air. 2014 Aug;24(4):403-15. doi: 10.1111/ina.12086. Epub 2014 Jan 13.
Many volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are classified as known or possible carcinogens, irritants, and toxicants, and VOC exposure has been associated with the onset and exacerbation of asthma. This study characterizes VOC levels in 126 homes of children with asthma in Detroit, Michigan, USA. The total target VOC concentration ranged from 14 to 2274 μg/m(3) (mean = 150 μg/m(3); median = 91 μg/m(3)); 56 VOCs were quantified; and d-limonene, toluene, p, m-xylene, and ethyl acetate had the highest concentrations. Based on the potential for adverse health effects, priority VOCs included naphthalene, benzene, 1,4-dichlorobenzene, isopropylbenzene, ethylbenzene, styrene, chloroform, 1,2-dichloroethane, tetrachloroethene, and trichloroethylene. Concentrations varied mostly due to between-residence and seasonal variation. Identified emission sources included cigarette smoking, solvent-related emissions, renovations, household products, and pesticides. The effect of nearby traffic on indoor VOC levels was not distinguished. While concentrations in the Detroit homes were lower than levels found in other North American studies, many homes had elevated VOC levels, including compounds that are known health hazards. Thus, the identification and control of VOC sources are important and prudent, especially for vulnerable individuals. Actions and policies to reduce VOC exposures, for example, sales restrictions, improved product labeling, and consumer education, are recommended.
Total target VOC concentrations in the Detroit homes ranged from 14 to 2274 lg/m3, generally lower than found in earlier studies. However, a subset of houses had elevated concentrations, and levels of 1,4-dichlorobenzene, naphthalene, and benzene reached levels commensurate with excess individual cancer risks of 10(-2), 10(-3), and 10(-4), respectively. VOC concentrations varied mostly due to between-residence and season effects. The most important sources included cigarette smoking, vehicle-related emissions, building renovation, solvents, household products, and pesticides.
许多挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）被归类为已知或可能的致癌物、刺激物和有毒物质，接触VOCs与哮喘的发作和加重有关。本研究对美国密歇根州底特律市126名哮喘儿童家中的VOC水平进行了特征描述。目标VOC总浓度范围为14至2274μg/m³（平均值 = 150μg/m³；中位数 = 91μg/m³）；对56种VOC进行了定量分析；d-柠檬烯、甲苯、对二甲苯、间二甲苯和乙酸乙酯的浓度最高。基于对健康的潜在不良影响，优先考虑的VOC包括萘、苯、1,4-二氯苯、异丙苯、乙苯、苯乙烯、氯仿、1,2-二氯乙烷、四氯乙烯和三氯乙烯。浓度变化主要归因于不同住宅之间的差异和季节变化。已确定的排放源包括吸烟、与溶剂相关的排放、装修、家用产品和农药。未区分附近交通对室内VOC水平的影响。虽然底特律家庭中的浓度低于其他北美研究中的水平，但许多家庭的VOC水平升高，包括已知对健康有危害的化合物。因此，识别和控制VOC源很重要且谨慎，尤其是对于易受影响的个体。建议采取行动和政策来减少VOC暴露，例如销售限制、改进产品标签和消费者教育。
底特律家庭中目标VOC的总浓度范围为14至2274lg/m³，通常低于早期研究中的水平。然而，一部分房屋的浓度升高，1,4-二氯苯、萘和苯的水平分别达到了与个体癌症额外风险10⁻²、10⁻³和10⁻⁴相当的水平。VOC浓度变化主要归因于不同住宅之间的差异和季节影响。最重要的排放源包括吸烟、与车辆相关的排放、建筑装修、溶剂、家用产品和农药。
