Ding You-Quan, Xie Wei-Ze, Qi Jian-Guo
Rev Neurosci. 2017 Jan 1;28(1):65-76. doi: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0014.
After peripheral nerve damage, injured or stressed primary sensory neurons (PSNs) transmitting pathological pain (pathopain) sensitize central nervous system (CNS) neural circuits and determine behavioral phenotypes of peripheral neuropathic pain (PNP). Therefore, phenotypic profiling of pathopain-transmitting PSNs is vital for probing and discovering PNP conditions. Following peripheral nerve injuries (PNIs), PNP might be potentially transmitted by distinct classes of damaged or stressed PSNs, such as axotomized PSNs without regeneration (axotomy-non-regenerative neurons), axotomized PSNs with accurate regeneration (axotomy-regenerative neurons), and spared intact PSNs adjacent to axotomized neurons (axotomy-spared neurons). Both axotomy-non-regenerative neurons and axotomy-spared neurons have been definitely shown to participate in specific PNP transmission. However, whether axotomy-regenerative neurons could transmit PNP with unique features has remained unclear. Recent studies in rodent models of axonotmesis have clearly demonstrated that axotomy-regenerative neurons alone transmit persistent pathological pain with unique behavioral phenotypes. In this review, we exclusively review this novel category of PNP, reasonably term it 'regenerative peripheral neuropathic pain', and finally discuss its potential clinical significance as a new therapeutic dimension for PNIs beyond nerve regeneration.
周围神经损伤后，传递病理性疼痛（痛觉过敏）的受损或应激初级感觉神经元（PSNs）会使中枢神经系统（CNS）神经回路敏感化，并决定周围神经病理性疼痛（PNP）的行为表型。因此，对传递痛觉过敏的PSNs进行表型分析对于探究和发现PNP状况至关重要。在周围神经损伤（PNIs）后，PNP可能由不同类型的受损或应激PSNs传递，例如无再生的轴突切断PSNs（轴突切断非再生神经元）、有精确再生的轴突切断PSNs（轴突切断再生神经元）以及与轴突切断神经元相邻的未受损完整PSNs（轴突切断未受损神经元）。轴突切断非再生神经元和轴突切断未受损神经元都已被明确证明参与特定的PNP传递。然而，轴突切断再生神经元是否能以独特特征传递PNP仍不清楚。最近在轴突损伤的啮齿动物模型中的研究清楚地表明，仅轴突切断再生神经元就能传递具有独特行为表型的持续性病理性疼痛。在这篇综述中，我们专门回顾这一新型的PNP，合理地将其命名为“再生性周围神经病理性疼痛”，并最终讨论其作为PNIs超越神经再生的新治疗维度的潜在临床意义。
