Marotta Phillip
Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
J Urban Health. 2017 Apr;94(2):276-288. doi: 10.1007/s11524-016-0080-7.
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remain serious public health problems particularly in urban environments in the USA. Despite accumulating research into the role of aggregate rates of crime in shaping rates of STIs, few studies account for spatial dependence in the structure of geographical data. Using multiple spatial analysis methodologies, the following study investigated spatial patterns in community area rates of violent, drug, and property crimes and rates of infection of gonorrhea and chlamydia in 77 community areas in Chicago. Moran's I analyses confirmed global spatial dependence and statistically significant clusters of STI. Spatial lag regression analyses found that greater rates of drug crimes were associated with higher rates of chlamydia and gonorrhea after adjusting for percent in poverty and racial composition. Finally, a weighted geographic regression identified regions in the urban environment in which local regression coefficient values diverged from their global estimates. Spatial heterogeneity of STIs suggest that public health interventions must be targeted to specific areas of the urban environment with particular attention to substance use.
性传播感染（STIs）仍然是严重的公共卫生问题，在美国城市环境中尤为如此。尽管对犯罪总发生率在塑造性传播感染发生率方面的作用的研究不断积累，但很少有研究考虑地理数据结构中的空间依赖性。本研究采用多种空间分析方法，调查了芝加哥77个社区区域内暴力犯罪、毒品犯罪和财产犯罪的社区区域发生率以及淋病和衣原体感染率的空间模式。莫兰指数（Moran's I）分析证实了全局空间依赖性以及性传播感染的统计学显著聚类。空间滞后回归分析发现，在调整贫困率和种族构成后，毒品犯罪率越高，衣原体和淋病感染率也越高。最后，加权地理回归确定了城市环境中局部回归系数值与其全局估计值不同的区域。性传播感染的空间异质性表明，公共卫生干预必须针对城市环境中的特定区域，尤其要关注物质使用情况。
