Leibig Nico, Wietbrock Johanna O, Bigdeli Amir K, Horch Raymund E, Kremer Thomas, Kneser Ulrich, Schmidt Volker J
Heidelberg and Erlangen, Germany.
From the Department for Hand-, Plastic- and Reconstructive Surgery, BG Unfallklinik Ludwigshafen, Universität Heidelberg; and the Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg.
Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016 Oct;138(4):825-835. doi: 10.1097/PRS.0000000000002554.
Fabrication of a viable vascular network providing oxygen supply is identified as one crucial limiting factor to generate more complex three-dimensional constructs. The arteriovenous loop model provides initial blood supply and has a high angioinductive potency, making it suitable for vascularization of larger, tissue-engineered constructs. Also because of its angiogenic capabilities the arteriovenous loop is recently also used as a model to evaluate angiogenesis in vivo. This review summarizes the history of the arteriovenous loop model in research and its technical and surgical aspects. Through modifications of the isolation chamber and its containing matrices, tissue generation can be enhanced. In addition, matrices can be used as release systems for local application of growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, to affect vascular network formation. A special focus in this review is set on the assessment of angiogenesis in the arteriovenous loop model. This model provides good conditions for assessment of angiogenesis with the initial cell-free environment of the isolation chamber, which is vascularized by the arteriovenous loop. Because of the angiogenic capabilities of the arteriovenous loop model, different attempts were performed to create functional tissue in the isolation chamber for potential clinical application. Arteriovenous loops in combination with autologous bone marrow aspirate were already used to reconstruct large bone defects in humans.
构建一个能够提供氧气供应的可行血管网络被认为是生成更复杂三维结构的一个关键限制因素。动静脉环模型可提供初始血液供应，具有较高的血管诱导能力，使其适用于更大的组织工程构建体的血管化。同样由于其血管生成能力，动静脉环最近也被用作评估体内血管生成的模型。本综述总结了动静脉环模型在研究中的历史及其技术和手术方面。通过对隔离室及其所含基质的改良，可以增强组织生成。此外，基质可用作生长因子（如血管内皮生长因子和碱性成纤维细胞生长因子）局部应用的释放系统，以影响血管网络形成。本综述特别关注动静脉环模型中血管生成的评估。该模型为评估血管生成提供了良好条件，隔离室初始无细胞环境由动静脉环进行血管化。由于动静脉环模型的血管生成能力，人们进行了不同尝试，在隔离室内创建功能性组织以用于潜在的临床应用。动静脉环与自体骨髓抽吸物联合已被用于重建人类的大骨缺损。
