Mikulecky M, Rausova Z, Dedik L, Mojto V
Bratisl Lek Listy. 2016;117(9):501-504. doi: 10.4149/bll_2016_097.
This study indicates that the seasonality of births of patients with DM1 and DM2 has occurred in their adolescence or adulthood.
Patients with Diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2) with the maturity onset have different seasonal birth patterns from those with Diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) with the maturity onset, or DM1children.
Monthly numbers of births of 81 and 236 children with DM1 and DM2, respectively, in adolescent or adult age, were adapted to different actual length of calendar months. The 12- and 6-month rhythm was tested using the cosinor regression with 95% confidence interval versus the hypothesis of null seasonality.
Regarding DM1 with maturity onset, annual and semiannual rhythm was significant in both genders, with the increase in birth numbers from November to January and decrease in March, April and August. In DM2, only female data displayed a significant annual rhythm, with an increase in birth from April to August and decrease from October to December. CONCLUSION: The birth seasonality related to DM1 in adolescent or adult age appears to be reciprocal, compared to DM1 in childhood. For DM2, the seasonality of births was found only in females. The increase in female fecundity seems to be related to an increase in the risk of DM2 in female offspring. The outcomes could help in identifying environmental and endogenous factors related to seasonality cycle (Tab. 1, Fig. 1, Ref. 18).
本研究表明，1型糖尿病（DM1）和2型糖尿病（DM2）患者在青春期或成年期出现了出生季节性。
成年起病的2型糖尿病（DM2）患者与成年起病的1型糖尿病（DM1）患者或1型糖尿病儿童具有不同的季节性出生模式。
分别对81名和236名处于青春期或成年期的1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病儿童的月出生人数进行调整，以适应不同日历月的实际长度。使用余弦回归检验12个月和6个月的节律，并给出95%置信区间，同时与无季节性假设进行比较。
对于成年起病的1型糖尿病，男女的年度和半年节律均显著，出生人数从11月到1月增加，3月、4月和8月减少。在2型糖尿病中，只有女性数据显示出显著的年度节律，4月到8月出生人数增加，10月到12月减少。结论：与儿童期的1型糖尿病相比，青春期或成年期与1型糖尿病相关的出生季节性似乎是相反的。对于2型糖尿病，仅在女性中发现了出生季节性。女性生育力的增加似乎与女性后代患2型糖尿病的风险增加有关。这些结果有助于识别与季节性周期相关的环境和内源性因素（表1、图1、参考文献18）。
