Sander Tilmann H, Zhou Bin
Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany.
Key Laboratory of Behavioral Sciences, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
Psych J. 2016 Sep;5(3):161-9. doi: 10.1002/pchj.143.
Despite rapid progress both in psychology and neuroimaging, there is still a convergence gap between the results of these two scientific disciplines. This is particularly unsatisfactory, as the variability between single subjects needs to be understood both for basic science and for patient diagnostics in, for example, the field of age-related cognitive changes. Active and passive behaviors are the observables in psychology and can be studied alone or in combination with the neuroimaging approach. Various physical signatures of brain activity are the observables in neuroimaging and can be measured concurrent with behaviors. Despite the intrinsic relationship between behaviors and the corresponding neuroimaging patterns and the obvious advantages in integrating behavioral and neuroimaging measurements, the results of combined studies can be difficult to interpret. Experiments are often optimized to yield either a novel behavioral or a novel physiological result, but rarely designed for a better match between the two. Since integrating the results is probably a key to future progress in clinical psychology and basic research, an attempt is made here to identify some difficulties and to provide some ideas for future research.
尽管心理学和神经影像学都取得了快速进展，但这两个科学学科的研究结果之间仍存在融合差距。这尤其令人不满意，因为无论是对于基础科学还是例如在与年龄相关的认知变化领域的患者诊断而言，都需要了解个体之间的变异性。主动和被动行为是心理学中可观察到的现象，可以单独研究，也可以与神经影像学方法结合研究。大脑活动的各种物理特征是神经影像学中可观察到的现象，可以与行为同时测量。尽管行为与相应的神经影像学模式之间存在内在关系，并且在整合行为和神经影像学测量方面具有明显优势，但联合研究的结果可能难以解释。实验通常被优化以产生新的行为结果或新的生理结果，但很少设计用于使两者更好地匹配。由于整合结果可能是临床心理学和基础研究未来进展的关键，因此本文试图识别一些困难并为未来研究提供一些思路。
