Rebelo Anabela, Ferra Isabel, Marques Albertina, Silva Manuela Moreira
ARH-Algarve, Portuguese Environment Agency, Faro, Portugal.
Chemistry Department, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2016 Dec;23(24):24560-24566. doi: 10.1007/s11356-016-7749-z. Epub 2016 Sep 28.
The chloroform is a substance that presents a significant risk to or via the aquatic environment. Thus, the emissions, discharges and losses of this substance need to be controlled during wastewater disinfection for reclamation and reuse purposes. Due to its carcinogenetic potential, multiple studies have been carried out on drinking and surface/natural waters but less consideration has been directed to the wastewater disinfection. The focus of this work studied the formation of chloroform during chlorination in prepared waters or artificial matrices that intended to simulate wastewaters stored in landscape ponds for green areas irrigation. The relation between reaction time, chlorine dose, and chloroform formation and the variation of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content during the reaction was assessed. A two-variant model was proposed to simulate breakpoint chlorination practices (when chlorine dose is equal or lower than chlorine demand) and super chlorination techniques (when chlorine dose tends to surpass chlorine demand). The model was validated by the application of actual data from working conditions of six wastewater treatment plants located in Algarve, Portugal, including other data obtained in previous research studies that were not used in the model development, and by comparing the predicted values with real measured ones.
氯仿是一种对水生环境或通过水生环境呈现重大风险的物质。因此，在为回收和再利用目的进行废水消毒期间，需要控制该物质的排放、排放物和损失。由于其致癌潜力，已经针对饮用水以及地表水/天然水开展了多项研究，但对废水消毒的关注较少。这项工作的重点是研究在配制水或人工基质氯化过程中氯仿的形成，这些配制水或人工基质旨在模拟储存在景观池塘中用于绿地灌溉的废水。评估了反应时间、氯剂量与氯仿形成之间的关系以及反应过程中溶解有机碳（DOC）含量的变化。提出了一个双变量模型来模拟折点氯化实践（当氯剂量等于或低于氯需求量时）和超氯化技术（当氯剂量趋于超过氯需求量时）。通过应用来自葡萄牙阿尔加维六家废水处理厂工作条件的实际数据（包括在模型开发中未使用的先前研究中获得的其他数据），并将预测值与实际测量值进行比较，对该模型进行了验证。
