Coleine Claudia, Selbmann Laura, Ventura Stefano, D'Acqui Luigi Paolo, Onofri Silvano, Zucconi Laura
Department of Ecological and Biological Sciences (DEB), Università degli Studi della Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
Institute of Ecosystem Study, National Research Council of Italy (CNR-ISE), I-50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy.
Microorganisms. 2015 Oct 10;3(4):612-24. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms3040612.
Biological soil crusts (BSCs) are distributed worldwide in all semiarid and arid lands, where they play a determinant role in element cycling and soil development. Although much work has concentrated on BSC microbial communities, free-living fungi have been hitherto largely overlooked. The aim of this study was to examine the fungal biodiversity, by cultural-dependent and cultural-independent approaches, in thirteen samples of Arctic BSCs collected at different sites in the Alpine Tarfala Valley, located on the slopes of Kebnekaise, the highest mountain in northern Scandinavia. Isolated fungi were identified by both microscopic observation and molecular approaches. Data revealed that the fungal assemblage composition was homogeneous among the BSCs analyzed, with low biodiversity and the presence of a few dominant species; the majority of fungi isolated belonged to the Ascomycota, and Cryptococcus gilvescens and Pezoloma ericae were the most frequently-recorded species. Ecological considerations for the species involved and the implication of our findings for future fungal research in BSCs are put forward.
生物土壤结皮（BSCs）广泛分布于全球所有半干旱和干旱地区，在元素循环和土壤发育中起着决定性作用。尽管许多研究都集中在生物土壤结皮的微生物群落上，但迄今为止，自由生活的真菌在很大程度上被忽视了。本研究的目的是通过依赖培养和不依赖培养的方法，研究在位于斯堪的纳维亚半岛北部最高峰凯布讷山山坡上的阿尔卑斯塔尔法拉山谷不同地点采集的13个北极生物土壤结皮样本中的真菌生物多样性。通过显微镜观察和分子方法对分离出的真菌进行鉴定。数据显示，在所分析的生物土壤结皮中，真菌组合组成是均匀的，生物多样性较低，且存在少数优势物种；分离出的大多数真菌属于子囊菌门，浅黄隐球酵母和埃里克盘菌是最常记录的物种。本文还提出了对所涉及物种的生态学考虑以及我们的研究结果对未来生物土壤结皮真菌研究的意义。
