Department of Applied Biology and Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy.
FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 2012 Nov;82(2):217-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01348.x. Epub 2012 Mar 27.
Glacial habitats (cryosphere) include some of the largest unexplored and extreme biospheres on Earth. These habitats harbor a wide diversity of psychrophilic prokaryotic and eukaryotic microorganisms. These highly specialized microorganisms have developed adaptation strategies to overcome the direct and indirect life-endangering influence of low temperatures. For many years Antarctica has been the geographic area preferred by microbiologists for studying the diversity of psychrophilic microorganisms (including yeasts). However, there have been an increasing number of studies on psychrophilic yeasts sharing the non-Antarctic cryosphere. The present paper provides an overview of the distribution and adaptation strategies of psychrophilic yeasts worldwide. Attention is also focused on their biotechnological potential, especially on their exploitation as a source of cold-active enzymes and for bioremediation purposes.
冰冻栖息地（冰冻圈）包括地球上一些最大的未开发和极端的生物圈。这些栖息地拥有广泛的耐寒原核生物和真核微生物多样性。这些高度专业化的微生物已经发展出适应策略来克服低温对生命的直接和间接威胁。多年来，南极洲一直是微生物学家研究耐寒微生物（包括酵母）多样性的首选地理区域。然而，越来越多的研究关注分享非南极冰冻圈的耐寒酵母。本文概述了全球范围内耐寒酵母的分布和适应策略。还特别关注了它们的生物技术潜力，特别是作为冷活性酶的来源和用于生物修复的目的。
