Nurliyana Abdul Razak, Mohd Shariff Zalilah, Mohd Taib Mohd Nasir, Gan Wan Ying, Tan Kit-Aun
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Research Centre of Excellence, Nutrition and Non-Communicable Diseases, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
BMC Pediatr. 2016 Sep 29;16(1):160. doi: 10.1186/s12887-016-0700-0.
The first 2 years of life is a critical period of rapid growth and brain development. During this period, nutrition and environmental factors play important roles in growth and cognitive development of a child. This report describes the study protocol of early nutrition, growth and cognitive development of infants from birth to 2 years of age.
METHODS/DESIGN: This is a prospective cohort study of mothers and infants recruited from government health clinics in Seremban district in Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Infants are followed-up at 6, 12, 18 and 24 months of age. Pre-natal factors that include mother's pre-pregnancy body mass index, gestational weight gain, blood glucose and blood pressure during pregnancy, infant's gestational age, birth weight and head circumference at birth are obtained from patient card. Post-natal factors assessed at each follow-up are feeding practices, dietary intake, anthropometric measurements and cognitive development of infants. Iron status is assessed at 6 months, while infant temperament and home environment are assessed at 12 months. Maternal intelligence is assessed at 18 months.
Early life nutritional programming is of current interest as many longitudinal studies are actively being conducted in developed countries to investigate this concept. The concept however is relatively new in developing countries such as Malaysia. This study will provide useful information on early nutrition and infant development in the first two years of life which can be further followed up to identify factors that track into childhood and contribute to growth and cognitive deviations.
生命的头两年是快速生长和大脑发育的关键时期。在此期间，营养和环境因素对儿童的生长和认知发育起着重要作用。本报告描述了从出生到2岁婴儿早期营养、生长和认知发育的研究方案。
方法/设计：这是一项对从马来西亚森美兰州芙蓉区政府健康诊所招募的母婴进行的前瞻性队列研究。对婴儿在6、12、18和24月龄时进行随访。从患者病历中获取产前因素，包括母亲孕前体重指数、孕期体重增加、孕期血糖和血压、婴儿胎龄、出生体重和出生时头围。每次随访时评估的产后因素包括喂养方式、饮食摄入、婴儿的人体测量和认知发育。在6个月时评估铁状态，在12个月时评估婴儿气质和家庭环境。在18个月时评估母亲智力。
早期营养编程是当前研究的热点，因为发达国家正在积极开展许多纵向研究来探究这一概念。然而，在马来西亚等发展中国家，这一概念相对较新。本研究将提供关于生命最初两年早期营养和婴儿发育的有用信息，可进一步跟进以确定持续到儿童期并导致生长和认知偏差的因素。
