Loy See-Ling, Marhazlina M, Azwany Y Nor, Hamid Jan J M
Nutrition Programme, School of Health Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2011 Sep;42(5):1214-23.
Maternal nutrition has a programming effect on fetal growth. This cross-sectional study investigated the association between maternal micronutrient, fruit and vegetable intake with birth size. Nutrient and food intake were examined using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. One hundred twenty-one pregnant women at 28 to 38 weeks gestation aged 19-40 years, were recruited from the Universiti Sains Malaysia Hospital, Malaysia. Birth weight, length and head circumference were obtained from the medical records. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. Results indicate no significant association between any of the measured micronutrients and birth size. However, 2 of the 6 vegetable subgroups and those consumed fruit during pregnancy had children whose birth size was significantly associated with consumption. An increase of 10 g of leafy vegetables per day was associated with a 1.78 cm increase in head circumference (p = 0.04), and tuber vegetable intake was associated with birth length (beta = 0.21, p = 0.03) and head circumference (beta = 0.21, p = 0.01). Fruit intake was associated with birth weight (beta = 0.19, p = 0.04), birth length (beta = 0.20, p = 0.04) and head circumference (beta = 0.19, p = 0.03). The lack of association between maternal nutrient intake and fetal growth and the significant association between fruit and vegetable intake and birth size suggests the existence of other micronutrients and phytochemicals present in foods that play an important role in birth size. The types of nutrients and their roles in birth size warrant further investigation.
母亲营养对胎儿生长具有编程效应。这项横断面研究调查了母亲微量营养素、水果和蔬菜摄入量与出生时大小之间的关联。使用经过验证的半定量食物频率问卷来检查营养素和食物摄入量。从马来西亚理科大学医院招募了121名年龄在19 - 40岁、妊娠28至38周的孕妇。出生体重、身长和头围数据来自病历。采用多元线性回归分析数据。结果表明，所测量的任何微量营养素与出生时大小之间均无显著关联。然而，6个蔬菜亚组中的2个以及孕期食用水果的孕妇所生子女的出生时大小与摄入量显著相关。每天多摄入10克叶菜类蔬菜与头围增加1.78厘米相关（p = 0.04），块茎类蔬菜摄入量与出生身长（β = 0.21，p = 0.03）和头围（β = 0.21，p = 0.01）相关。水果摄入量与出生体重（β = 0.19，p = 0.04）、出生身长（β = 0.20，p = 0.04）和头围（β = 0.19，p = 0.03）相关。母亲营养素摄入量与胎儿生长之间缺乏关联，而水果和蔬菜摄入量与出生时大小之间存在显著关联，这表明食物中存在的其他微量营养素和植物化学物质在出生时大小方面发挥着重要作用。营养素的类型及其在出生时大小方面的作用值得进一步研究。
