Gustavsen Kate A, Stanhope Kimber L, Lin Amy S, Graham James L, Havel Peter J, Paul-Murphy Joanne R
J Zoo Wildl Med. 2016 Sep;47(3):760-769. doi: 10.1638/2015-0192.1.
Hypercholesterolemia is common in psittacines, and Amazon parrots ( Amazona spp.) are particularly susceptible. Associations have been demonstrated between naturally occurring and experimentally induced hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in psittacines. Daily exercise improves lipid metabolism in humans and other mammals, as well as pigeons and chickens, under varying experimental conditions. Hispaniolan Amazon parrots ( Amazona ventralis ) with naturally occurring hypercholesterolemia (343-576 mg/dl) were divided into two groups. An exercised group (n = 8) was housed as a flock and exercised daily with 30 min of aviary flight and 30 min walking on a rotating perch. A sedentary control group (n = 4) was housed in individual cages with no exercise regime. A plasma lipid panel, including total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides, was validated for this species. Body weight, chest girth, and the lipid panel were measured at 0, 61, and 105 days. Hematology and plasma biochemistry were measured at 0 and 105 days. Weight and girth were significantly lower in exercised than sedentary parrots at 61 and 105 days. HDL-C concentrations were significantly higher in exercised parrots at 61 days but returned to near baseline by 105 days. There were no significant changes in hematology, biochemistry, or other lipid panel parameters. Results were similar to studies in humans and animal models, in which increased HDL-C was the most consistent effect of exercise on circulating lipid and lipoprotein parameters. The return toward baseline HDL-C may have resulted from decreased participation in aviary flight. Additional investigation will be required to determine the amount of exercise and change in circulating lipid-related parameters necessary to improve long-term wellness in psittacine species predisposed to hypercholesterolemia.
高胆固醇血症在鹦鹉中很常见，而亚马逊鹦鹉（Amazona spp.）尤其易感。鹦鹉体内自然发生的和实验诱导的高胆固醇血症与动脉粥样硬化之间的关联已得到证实。在不同的实验条件下，日常锻炼可改善人类和其他哺乳动物以及鸽子和鸡的脂质代谢。将患有自然发生的高胆固醇血症（343 - 576毫克/分升）的伊斯帕尼奥拉岛亚马逊鹦鹉（Amazona ventralis）分为两组。运动组（n = 8）成群饲养，每天进行30分钟的鸟舍飞行和30分钟在旋转栖木上行走的锻炼。久坐对照组（n = 4）单独饲养在笼子里，没有锻炼计划。针对该物种验证了包括总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯在内的血浆脂质指标。在第0、61和105天测量体重、胸围和脂质指标。在第0天和105天测量血液学和血浆生化指标。在第61天和105天，运动组鹦鹉的体重和胸围显著低于久坐组。运动组鹦鹉在第61天时HDL-C浓度显著升高，但到105天时恢复到接近基线水平。血液学、生化指标或其他脂质指标参数没有显著变化。结果与人类和动物模型的研究相似，其中HDL-C升高是锻炼对循环脂质和脂蛋白参数最一致的影响。HDL-C恢复到基线水平可能是由于参与鸟舍飞行的减少。需要进一步研究以确定运动量以及改善易患高胆固醇血症的鹦鹉物种长期健康所需的循环脂质相关参数的变化。
