Wang Bing, Giles Lynne, Afzali Hossein Haji Ali, Clarke Michelle, Ratcliffe Julie, Chen Gang, Marshall Helen
The Robinson Research Institute, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit (VIRTU), Women's and Children's Hospital, South Australia, Australia.
School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Vaccine. 2016 Nov 4;34(46):5595-5603. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.040. Epub 2016 Sep 28.
There is limited knowledge of adolescent views and attitudes towards immunisation. Our study investigated adolescent attitudes to immunisation and compared differences in vaccination attitudes between adolescents and adults.
This study was a cross-sectional, national online survey. Recruitment was stratified by state and gender to ensure findings were nationally representative. Regression analyses were performed to assess and compare adolescent and adult views on vaccine benefits, community protection, risks, side effects, sources of information, and decision-making preference.
In 2013, 502 adolescents and 2003 adults completed the online survey. Lower levels of vaccine confidence were observed in adolescents with adolescents less likely to believe vaccines are beneficial and/or safe compared to adults (p=0.043). Compared to females, males were less confident of vaccine benefits (p<0.05) but less concern about vaccine side effects (p<0.05). Adolescents were more concerned about vaccine side effects than adults for pain (p<0.001), redness or swelling (p<0.001), and fever (p=0.006). Adolescents were less likely than adults to consider health professionals (p<0.001) and the media (e.g. internet) (p=0.010) as important sources of information, and were more likely to seek information from social networks (p<0.001) including families and schools. Although 62.0% of adolescents agreed that parents should make the decision about vaccination for them, adolescents were more likely to prefer a joint decision with parents (p<0.001) or by themselves (p=0.007) compared with adults.
Adolescents have a lesser understanding of vaccine safety and benefits than adults and have higher concerns about potential vaccine reactions. Improving adolescent awareness and knowledge of the benefits and risks of vaccination through school-based educational programs may improve confidence in and uptake of vaccines for adolescents and increase vaccine confidence in the next generation of parents.
关于青少年对免疫接种的看法和态度，人们了解有限。我们的研究调查了青少年对免疫接种的态度，并比较了青少年和成年人在疫苗接种态度上的差异。
本研究是一项全国性的在线横断面调查。按州和性别进行分层招募，以确保研究结果具有全国代表性。进行回归分析，以评估和比较青少年和成年人对疫苗益处、社区保护、风险、副作用、信息来源以及决策偏好的看法。
2013年，502名青少年和2003名成年人完成了在线调查。与成年人相比，青少年的疫苗信心水平较低，他们不太可能相信疫苗有益和/或安全（p = 0.043）。与女性相比，男性对疫苗益处的信心较低（p < 0.05），但对疫苗副作用的担忧较少（p < 0.05）。青少年比成年人更担心疫苗副作用，如疼痛（p < 0.001）、发红或肿胀（p < 0.001）以及发烧（p = 0.006）。与成年人相比，青少年不太可能将医疗专业人员（p < 0.001）和媒体（如互联网）（p = 0.010）视为重要的信息来源，而更有可能从社交网络（p < 0.001），包括家庭和学校获取信息。尽管62.0%的青少年同意父母应为他们做出疫苗接种的决定，但与成年人相比，青少年更倾向于与父母共同决定（p < 0.001）或自己决定（p = 0.007）。
青少年对疫苗安全性和益处的理解不如成年人，且对潜在的疫苗反应更为担忧。通过学校教育项目提高青少年对疫苗接种益处和风险的认识，可能会增强青少年对疫苗的信心并提高接种率，同时增加下一代父母对疫苗的信心。
