Greenhill Richard, Dawkins Lynne, Notley Caitlin, Finn Mark D, Turner John J D
School of Psychology, University of East London, London, United Kingdom.
Division of Psychology, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom.
J Adolesc Health. 2016 Dec;59(6):612-619. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2016.08.005. Epub 2016 Sep 29.
Adult electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is increasing globally, and early studies have suggested that similar trends may be observed among the adolescent population, albeit at lower levels. The current literature review presents data collected since 2014 from 21 cross-sectional studies and one cohort study that were all published in English. In particular, it focuses on awareness, ever use, past 30-day use, and regular use of e-cigarettes. The article suggests that adolescents are nearing complete awareness of e-cigarettes. Furthermore, in relation to ever use and past 30-day use, higher prevalence rates continue to be reported across time, especially in the United States. Nonetheless, reported regular use of e-cigarettes remains much lower than past 30-day use, although conclusions are limited due to inconsistencies with measurement and consequent lack of cross-cultural applicability. The majority of studies do not report whether adolescents use non-nicotine e-cigarettes. There is a current absence of longitudinal studies that explore any association between e-cigarettes and tobacco use and little qualitative data that may illuminate how and why adolescents use e-cigarettes. Through addressing these methodological limitations, future research will be able to inform health care and policy more effectively.
全球范围内，成人使用电子烟的人数正在增加，早期研究表明，青少年群体中可能也会出现类似趋势，尽管使用水平较低。当前的文献综述展示了自2014年以来从21项横断面研究和1项队列研究中收集的数据，这些研究均以英文发表。特别是，它关注青少年对电子烟的知晓情况、曾经使用过电子烟、过去30天内使用过电子烟以及经常使用电子烟的情况。文章表明，青少年对电子烟的知晓程度已接近全面。此外，就曾经使用和过去30天内使用电子烟的情况而言，随着时间推移，报告的患病率持续上升，尤其是在美国。尽管如此，报告的经常使用电子烟的比例仍远低于过去30天内使用的比例，不过由于测量方法不一致以及缺乏跨文化适用性，相关结论受到限制。大多数研究并未报告青少年是否使用不含尼古丁的电子烟。目前缺乏探讨电子烟与烟草使用之间关联的纵向研究，也几乎没有定性数据能够阐明青少年使用电子烟的方式和原因。通过解决这些方法学上的局限性，未来的研究将能够更有效地为医疗保健和政策提供信息。
