Radabaugh Hannah L, Carlson Lauren J, O'Neil Darik A, LaPorte Megan J, Monaco Christina M, Cheng Jeffrey P, de la Tremblaye Patricia B, Lajud Naima, Bondi Corina O, Kline Anthony E
Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States.
Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States; División de Neurociencias, Centro de Investigación Biomédica de Michoacán - Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social Morelia, Mexico.
Exp Neurol. 2016 Dec;286:61-68. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.09.015. Epub 2016 Sep 28.
Environmental enrichment (EE) promotes behavioral recovery after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, the chronic rehabilitation provided in the laboratory is not analogous to the clinic where physiotherapy is typically limited. Moreover, females make up approximately 40% of the clinical TBI population, yet they are seldom studied in brain trauma. Hence, the goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that abbreviated EE would confer neurobehavioral, cognitive, and histological benefits in brain injured female rats. Anesthetized rats received a cortical impact of moderate-to-severe injury (2.8mm tissue deformation at 4m/s) or sham surgery and then were randomly assigned to groups receiving standard (STD) housing or 4h, 6h, or 24h of EE daily. Motor function (beam-balance/walk and rotarod) was assessed on post-operative days 1-5 and every other day from 1 to 19, respectively. Spatial learning/memory (Morris water maze) was evaluated on days 14-19, and cortical lesion volume was quantified on day 21. No statistical differences were appreciated among the sham controls in any assessment and thus the data were pooled. All EE conditions improved motor function and memory retention, but only 6h and 24h enhanced spatial learning relative to STD (p<0.05). Moreover, EE, regardless of duration reduced cortical lesion volume (p<0.05). These data confirm that abbreviated EE confers robust neurobehavioral, cognitive, and histological benefits in TBI female rats, which supports the hypothesis and strengthens the utility of EE as a pre-clinical model of neurorehabilitation.
环境富集(EE)可促进实验性创伤性脑损伤(TBI)后的行为恢复。然而,实验室提供的长期康复与临床情况不同,在临床中物理治疗通常有限。此外,女性约占临床TBI患者群体的40%,但在脑外伤研究中却很少涉及。因此,本研究的目的是检验以下假设:缩短的EE方案能为脑损伤雌性大鼠带来神经行为、认知和组织学方面的益处。麻醉后的大鼠接受中度至重度损伤的皮质撞击(4米/秒时组织变形2.8毫米)或假手术,然后随机分为接受标准(STD)饲养或每天接受4小时、6小时或24小时EE的组。分别在术后第1至5天以及从第1天到第19天每隔一天评估运动功能(平衡木行走和转棒试验)。在第14至19天评估空间学习/记忆(莫里斯水迷宫),并在第21天对皮质损伤体积进行量化。在任何评估中,假手术对照组之间均未发现统计学差异,因此将数据合并。所有EE方案均改善了运动功能和记忆保持,但只有6小时和24小时组相对于STD组增强了空间学习能力(p<0.05)。此外,无论持续时间长短,EE均减少了皮质损伤体积(p<0.05)。这些数据证实,缩短的EE方案能为TBI雌性大鼠带来强大的神经行为、认知和组织学益处,这支持了该假设,并加强了EE作为神经康复临床前模型的效用。