Lowe Sarah R, Sampson Laura, Gruebner Oliver, Galea Sandro
Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, New Jersey, USA.
Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
J Trauma Stress. 2016 Oct;29(5):440-447. doi: 10.1002/jts.22126. Epub 2016 Oct 3.
Persons living in communities with limited resources are at heightened risk of posttraumatic stress (PTS) after disasters, especially if they were highly exposed. The support deterrence desistence model and the conservation of resources theory suggest that this risk might increase in the longer-term aftermath of disasters. In the present study, we aimed to test this hypothesis. Two population-based samples of New York City residents in communities affected by Hurricane Sandy were surveyed at either 13-16 months (Time 1; n = 421) or 25-28 months (Time 2; n = 420) postdisaster. Participants reported on their exposure to disaster-related stressors and PTS. The percentage of residents who were unemployed in participants' census tracts was collected from the 2008-2012 American Community Survey. Multilevel models found that disaster-related stressors were more strongly associated with PTS for participants living in communities with high unemployment, but only at Time 2 (Est. = .58, SE = .21, p = .006). Mapping of community unemployment and disaster-related stressors suggested that communities in southern Brooklyn and Queens, and northeastern Staten Island were at particularly high risk for PTS at Time 2. The results suggest the need for ongoing support to economically disadvantaged communities in which residents have endured disaster-related stressors.
生活在资源有限社区的人群在灾难后遭受创伤后应激（PTS）的风险更高，尤其是那些暴露程度高的人。支持威慑戒除模型和资源守恒理论表明，这种风险在灾难的长期后果中可能会增加。在本研究中，我们旨在验证这一假设。对受桑迪飓风影响社区的纽约市居民进行了两个基于人群的抽样调查，分别在灾后13 - 16个月（时间1；n = 421）或25 - 28个月（时间2；n = 420）进行。参与者报告了他们接触与灾难相关的应激源和PTS的情况。从2008 - 2012年美国社区调查中收集了参与者普查区中失业居民的百分比。多层次模型发现，对于生活在高失业率社区的参与者，与灾难相关的应激源与PTS的关联更强，但仅在时间2时如此（估计值 = 0.58，标准误 = 0.21，p = 0.006）。社区失业率和与灾难相关应激源的映射表明，布鲁克林南部和皇后区以及斯塔滕岛东北部的社区在时间2时遭受PTS的风险特别高。结果表明，需要对经济上处于不利地位且居民遭受与灾难相关应激源的社区持续提供支持。
