Black W C, Rai K S, Turco B J, Arroyo D C
J Med Entomol. 1989 Jul;26(4):260-71. doi: 10.1093/jmedent/26.4.260.
Mosquito abatement workers in Houston, Tex., and New Orleans, La., have observed that the recent introduction of Aedes albopictus (Skuse) has been accompanied by a decline and virtual disappearance of Ae. aegypti (L.). This suggests competitive displacement but contradicts the direction of displacement observed in native habitats of Ae. albopictus. The paper reports a series of laboratory studies on competition between U.S. strains of the two species. Larval survivorship, size, and development time were monitored in increasing densities of pure and mixed cultures of the two species under limited and optimal diets. Oviposition preferences were examined by offering gravid females cups containing first or fourth instars of either species. Ethological isolation was studied by simultaneously offering virgin females of one species to males of both species and monitoring courtship behavior as well as rates of oviposition, percentage of hatch, and embryonation. The results of the larval competition studies suggest that interspecific competition increased development time only slightly and had no effect on survival of Ae. albopictus. Competition increased survival in Ae. aegypti. Size of both species was influenced by interspecific competition, but the magnitude and direction of the effect was inconsistent between strains and diets such that neither species emerged consistently larger. The results of the oviposition study indicated a higher fecundity in Ae. aegypti but otherwise demonstrated that both species oviposit without regard to the presence, age, or species of larvae in the oviposition container. The ethological isolation tests demonstrated that Ae. aegypti males were more sexually aggressive than males or Ae. albopictus. However, Ae. albopitus females placed with increasing densities of Ae. aegypti males demonstrated no decrease in rates of oviposition, and eggs laid showed equal rates of hatch and embryonation. In general, the results do not suggest that the U.S Ae. albopictus population is inherently more competitive in the laboratory than Ae. aegypti. Other reasons for the observed decline in Ae. aegypti in the United States are discussed.
得克萨斯州休斯敦市和路易斯安那州新奥尔良市的灭蚊工作人员观察到，白纹伊蚊（斯库斯）的近期引入伴随着埃及伊蚊（林奈）数量的减少及几乎消失。这表明存在竞争性取代，但与在白纹伊蚊原生栖息地观察到的取代方向相矛盾。本文报道了一系列关于这两个物种美国品系间竞争的实验室研究。在有限和最佳食物条件下，监测了两个物种纯培养物和混合培养物密度增加时幼虫的存活率、大小及发育时间。通过向怀卵雌蚊提供装有任一物种一龄或四龄幼虫的杯子来检查产卵偏好。通过同时向一个物种的处女雌蚊提供两个物种的雄蚊，并监测求偶行为以及产卵率、孵化率和胚胎发育情况来研究行为隔离。幼虫竞争研究结果表明，种间竞争仅略微增加了发育时间，对白纹伊蚊的存活没有影响。竞争提高了埃及伊蚊的存活率。两个物种的大小都受到种间竞争的影响，但影响的程度和方向在品系和食物之间不一致，因此两个物种都没有始终如一地更大规模出现。产卵研究结果表明埃及伊蚊的繁殖力更高，但除此之外表明两个物种产卵时都不考虑产卵容器中幼虫的存在、年龄或物种。行为隔离测试表明埃及伊蚊雄蚊比白纹伊蚊雄蚊更具性攻击性。然而，随着埃及伊蚊雄蚊密度增加放置的白纹伊蚊雌蚊产卵率没有下降，所产的卵孵化率和胚胎发育率相同。总体而言，结果并不表明美国的白纹伊蚊种群在实验室中本质上比埃及伊蚊更具竞争力。文中讨论了在美国观察到的埃及伊蚊数量下降的其他原因。
