Cai Wei, Zhang Kai, Li Peiying, Zhu Ling, Xu Jing, Yang Boyu, Hu Xiaoming, Lu Zhengqi, Chen Jun
Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Department of Neurology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510630, China; Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Health Care System, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
Ageing Res Rev. 2017 Mar;34:77-87. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.09.006. Epub 2016 Sep 30.
Current understanding on the mechanisms of brain injury and neurodegeneration highlights an appreciation of multicellular interactions within the neurovascular unit (NVU), which include the evolution of blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage, neuronal cell death or degeneration, glial reaction, and immune cell infiltration. Aging is an important factor that influences the integrity of the NVU. The age-related physiological or pathological changes in the cellular components of the NVU have been shown to increase the vulnerability of the NVU to ischemia/reperfusion injury or neurodegeneration, and to result in deteriorated brain damage. This review describes the impacts of aging on each NVU component and discusses the mechanisms by which aging increases NVU sensitivity to stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. Prophylactic or therapeutic perspectives that may delay or diminish aging and thus prevent the incidence of these neurological disorders will also be reviewed.
目前对脑损伤和神经退行性变机制的理解强调了对神经血管单元（NVU）内多细胞相互作用的认识，这包括血脑屏障（BBB）损伤的演变、神经元细胞死亡或退变、胶质细胞反应和免疫细胞浸润。衰老 是影响NVU完整性的一个重要因素。已表明，NVU细胞成分中与年龄相关的生理或病理变化会增加NVU对缺血/再灌注损伤或神经退行性变的易感性，并导致脑损伤恶化。本综述描述了衰老对每个NVU组分的影响，并讨论了衰老增加NVU对中风和神经退行性疾病敏感性的机制。还将综述可能延缓或减轻衰老从而预防这些神经疾病发生的预防性或治疗性观点。
