Balakumar Pitchai, Maung-U Khin, Jagadeesh Gowraganahalli
Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Pharmacy, AIMST University, 08100 Bedong, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia.
Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD 20993, USA.
Pharmacol Res. 2016 Nov;113(Pt A):600-609. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2016.09.040. Epub 2016 Sep 30.
Noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have become important causes of mortality on a global scale. According to the report of World Health Organization (WHO), NCDs killed 38 million people (out of 56 million deaths that occurred worldwide) during 2012. Cardiovascular diseases accounted for most NCD deaths (17.5 million NCD deaths), followed by cancers (8.2 million NCD deaths), respiratory diseases (4.0 million NCD deaths) and diabetes mellitus (1.5 million NCD deaths). Globally, the leading cause of death is cardiovascular diseases; their prevalence is incessantly progressing in both developed and developing nations. Diabetic patients with insulin resistance are even at a greater risk of cardiovascular disease. Obesity, high cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia and elevated blood pressure are mainly considered as major risk factors for diabetic patients afflicted with cardiovascular disease. The present review sheds light on the global incidence of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Additionally, measures to be taken to reduce the global encumbrance of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus are highlighted.
非传染性疾病已成为全球范围内重要的死亡原因。根据世界卫生组织（WHO）的报告，2012年期间，非传染性疾病导致了3800万人死亡（全球共发生5600万例死亡）。心血管疾病占非传染性疾病死亡人数的大多数（1750万例非传染性疾病死亡），其次是癌症（820万例非传染性疾病死亡）、呼吸系统疾病（400万例非传染性疾病死亡）和糖尿病（150万例非传染性疾病死亡）。在全球范围内，主要死亡原因是心血管疾病；其患病率在发达国家和发展中国家都在持续上升。胰岛素抵抗的糖尿病患者患心血管疾病的风险甚至更高。肥胖、高胆固醇、高甘油三酯血症和高血压主要被认为是患有心血管疾病的糖尿病患者的主要危险因素。本综述阐述了心血管疾病和糖尿病的全球发病率。此外，还强调了为减轻心血管疾病和糖尿病的全球负担而应采取的措施。
