青少年时期的牛奶和替代品、水果和蔬菜摄入量与成年后的皮质骨和小梁骨结构、密度和强度有关吗？
Are milk and alternatives and fruit and vegetable intakes during adolescence associated with cortical and trabecular bone structure, density, and strength in adulthood?
机构信息
College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 2Z4, Canada.
College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, 87 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N5B2, Canada.
出版信息
Osteoporos Int. 2017 Feb;28(2):609-619. doi: 10.1007/s00198-016-3775-4. Epub 2016 Oct 3.
UNLABELLED
We investigated the impact of food group intake during adolescence on bone structure and strength during adulthood. In females, we found a beneficial effect of adolescent milk and alternatives and fruit and vegetable intake on adult radius shaft and distal tibia bone structure, respectively. No association was observed in males.
INTRODUCTION
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether adolescents with high intake of milk and alternatives (M&A) or fruit and vegetables (F&V) had better adult bone structure and strength compared to those with low intake levels.
METHODS
We analyzed data from 47 males and 69 females enrolled in the Pediatric Bone Mineral Accrual Study (PBMAS 1991-2011), who had one peripheral quantitative computed tomography scan at age 29 ± 2 years. We measured radius and tibia shaft total area (ToA), cortical area (CoA), cortical content (CoC), cortical density, bone strength (SSI), and muscle area, as well as distal radius and tibia ToA, total density, trabecular area, trabecular content, trabecular density, and bone strength (BSI). Sequential 24-h recalls were used to assess M&A and F&V intake; participants were grouped for their mean intake during adolescence (low = bottom quartile, moderate = middle quartiles, high = top quartile) and were compared using multivariate analysis of covariance while adjusting for adult height, muscle area, physical activity, energy and calcium intake and adolescent energy intake, and physical activity.
RESULTS
Females with high M&A intake compared to low M&A intake group (mean 3.8 vs. 1.3 servings/day, respectively) had greater adult ToA (14 %, p < 0.05), CoA (15 %, p < 0.01), and CoC (16 %, p < 0.01) at radius shaft. Females with moderate F&V intake compared to low F&V intake group (mean 3.7 vs. 2.1 servings/day, respectively) had greater adult ToA (8.5 %, p < 0.05) at distal tibia.
CONCLUSION
Higher intake of M&A or F&V during adolescence had a long-term beneficial effect on bone structure in females, an association not observed in males.
目的
本研究旨在探讨青少年时期高牛奶和替代品（M&A）或水果和蔬菜（F&V）摄入者与低摄入水平者相比，是否具有更好的成人骨结构和强度。
方法
我们分析了参加儿科骨矿物质积累研究（PBMAS 1991-2011）的 47 名男性和 69 名女性的数据，这些人在 29±2 岁时进行了一次外周定量计算机断层扫描。我们测量了桡骨和胫骨骨干总面积（ToA）、皮质面积（CoA）、皮质含量（CoC）、皮质密度、骨强度（SSI）和肌肉面积，以及桡骨远端和胫骨 ToA、总密度、小梁面积、小梁含量、小梁密度和骨强度（BSI）。使用连续 24 小时回忆法评估 M&A 和 F&V 的摄入量；根据青少年时期的平均摄入量（低=最低四分位数，中=中间四分位数，高=最高四分位数）将参与者分组，并在调整成人身高、肌肉面积、体力活动、能量和钙摄入量以及青少年能量和体力活动摄入后，使用协方差分析进行比较。
结果
与低 M&A 摄入量组相比，M&A 摄入量较高的女性（平均 3.8 与 1.3 份/天），桡骨骨干的成年 ToA（14%，p<0.05）、CoA（15%，p<0.01）和 CoC（16%，p<0.01）更高。与低 F&V 摄入量组相比，F&V 摄入量中等的女性（平均 3.7 与 2.1 份/天），远端胫骨的成年 ToA（8.5%，p<0.05）更高。
结论
青少年时期较高的 M&A 或 F&V 摄入对女性的骨结构有长期的有益影响，而在男性中则没有观察到这种关联。
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