College of Kinesiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
Osteoporos Int. 2011 Jan;22(1):75-84. doi: 10.1007/s00198-010-1263-9. Epub 2010 May 11.
Young recreational and precompetitive gymnasts had, on average, 23% greater bone strength at the wrist compared to children participating in other recreational sports. Recreational gymnastics involves learning basic movement patterns and general skill development and as such can easily be implemented into school physical education programs potentially impacting skeletal health.
Competitive gymnasts have greater bone mass, density, and estimated strength. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the differences reported in the skeleton of competitive gymnasts are also apparent in young recreational and precompetitive gymnasts.
One hundred twenty children (29 gymnasts, 46 ex-gymnasts, and 45 non-gymnasts) between 4 and 9 years of age (mean = 6.8 ± 1.3) were measured. Bone mass, density, structure, and estimated strength were determined using peripheral quantitative computed tomography at the distal (4%) and shaft (65%, 66%) sites in the radius and tibia. Total body, hip, and spine bone mineral content (BMC) was assessed using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Analysis of covariance (covariates of sex, age and height) was used to investigate differences in total bone content (ToC), total bone density (ToD), total bone area (ToA), and estimated strength (BSI) at the distal sites and ToA, cortical content (CoC), cortical density (CoD), cortical area (CoA), cortical thickness, medullary area, and estimated strength (SSIp) at the shaft sites.
Gymnasts and ex-gymnasts had 5% greater adjusted total body BMC and 6-25% greater adjusted ToC, ToD, and BSI at the distal radius compared to non-gymnasts (p < 0.05). Ex-gymnasts had 7-11% greater CoC and CoA at the radial shaft and 5-8% greater CoC and SSIp at the tibial shaft than gymnasts and non-gymnasts. Ex-gymnasts also had 12-22% greater ToC and BSI at the distal tibia compared to non-gymnasts (p < 0.05).
This data suggests that recreational and precompetitive gymnastics participation is associated with greater bone strength.
与参加其他娱乐性运动的儿童相比，年轻的娱乐性和预备性体操运动员手腕处的骨骼强度平均高出 23%。娱乐性体操包括学习基本运动模式和一般技能发展，因此很容易被纳入学校体育教育计划，可能会影响骨骼健康。
竞技体操运动员的骨量、密度和估计强度更大。本研究的目的是调查在竞技体操运动员骨骼中报告的差异是否也出现在年轻的娱乐性和预备性体操运动员中。
测量了 120 名儿童（29 名体操运动员、46 名前体操运动员和 45 名非体操运动员），年龄在 4 至 9 岁之间（平均 6.8±1.3 岁）。使用外周定量计算机断层扫描术（pQCT）在桡骨和胫骨的远端（4%）和骨干（65%、66%）部位测量骨量、密度、结构和估计强度。使用双能 X 射线吸收法（DXA）评估全身、髋部和脊柱的骨矿物质含量（BMC）。使用协方差分析（性别、年龄和身高的协变量）研究远端部位的总骨含量（ToC）、总骨密度（ToD）、总骨面积（ToA）和估计强度（BSI）以及骨干部位的 ToA、皮质含量（CoC）、皮质密度（CoD）、皮质面积（CoA）、皮质厚度、髓腔面积和估计强度（SSIp）的差异。
与非体操运动员相比，体操运动员和前体操运动员的全身 BMC 增加了 5%，桡骨远端的 ToC、ToD 和 BSI 增加了 6-25%（p<0.05）。前体操运动员的桡骨骨干 CoC 和 CoA 增加了 7-11%，胫骨骨干的 CoC 和 SSIp 增加了 5-8%，而体操运动员和非体操运动员的 CoC 和 CoA 增加了 7-11%。前体操运动员的胫骨远端 ToC 和 BSI 也比非体操运动员增加了 12-22%（p<0.05）。
本数据表明，娱乐性和预备性体操运动员的参与与更大的骨骼强度有关。
