Brakenhoff Ruud H, Wagner Steffen, Klussmann Jens P
Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
Recent Results Cancer Res. 2017;206:37-56. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-43580-0_3.
Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer worldwide. The large majority are squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) that develop in the mucosal linings of the upper aerodigestive tract. These tumors develop either by exogenous carcinogen exposure (smoking, alcohol drinking) or by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, particularly those in the oropharynx (OPSCC). HPV-positive (HPV+ve) and HPV-negative (HPV-ve) OPSCC are considered different disease entities. HPV+ve tumors are different at the molecular level and likely as a consequence have a much more favorable prognosis than HPV-ve tumors, despite their generally advanced stage at presentation. In general, HNSCCs develop in precancerous mucosal changes, and the apparent lack of precancerous HPV+ve mucosal changes is therefore remarkable. In this Chapter, head and neck carcinogenesis is discussed and the molecular differences between HPV+ve and HPV-ve tumors are outlined.
头颈癌是全球第六大常见癌症。绝大多数是在上呼吸道和消化道黏膜中发生的鳞状细胞癌（HNSCC）。这些肿瘤的发生要么是由于接触外源性致癌物（吸烟、饮酒），要么是由于人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染，尤其是口咽癌（OPSCC）中的那些。HPV阳性（HPV+ve）和HPV阴性（HPV-ve）的口咽癌被认为是不同的疾病实体。HPV+ve肿瘤在分子水平上有所不同，可能因此尽管其在初诊时通常处于晚期，但预后比HPV-ve肿瘤要好得多。一般来说，HNSCCs发生于癌前黏膜变化，因此明显缺乏HPV+ve癌前黏膜变化这一点很值得注意。在本章中，将讨论头颈癌的发生机制，并概述HPV+ve和HPV-ve肿瘤之间的分子差异。
