Department of Population Health, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Oncology. 2018;95(4):193-201. doi: 10.1159/000489786. Epub 2018 Jun 19.
Squamous cell carcinoma of mucosal sites in the head and neck (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cause of cancer worldwide, and despite advances in conventional management, it still has significant morbidity and mortality associated with both diagnosis and treatment. Advances in our understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying this disease have demonstrated a significant difference between human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated, HPV and tobacco associated, and HPV-negative disease. It remains important to further elucidate the biologic and genetic differences between HPV-associated and tobacco-associated disease, with the aim of earlier diagnosis through screening, and advances in management including the development of novel therapeutic agents. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, and have effects on almost every cellular function, and have potentially important applications to diagnosis, management and prognosis in HNSCC. Establishing a cellular miRNA expression profile for HPV-associated disease may therefore have important implications for the screening and treatment of this disease. This review summarises the current findings regarding miRNA expression in mucosal HNSCC, and focuses particularly on miRNA expression in HPV-associated tumours.
头颈部黏膜部位的鳞状细胞癌（HNSCC）是全球第六大常见癌症，尽管常规治疗方法有所进步，但由于诊断和治疗，其发病率和死亡率仍然很高。我们对该疾病潜在生物学机制的认识的进步，已经证明了 HPV 相关、HPV 和烟草相关以及 HPV 阴性疾病之间存在显著差异。进一步阐明 HPV 相关和烟草相关疾病之间的生物学和遗传差异仍然很重要，目的是通过筛查实现更早诊断，并通过开发新型治疗药物来改进管理。microRNAs（miRNAs）是一种小型非编码 RNA，作为基因表达的转录后调节剂，对几乎所有细胞功能都有影响，并且在 HNSCC 的诊断、管理和预后方面具有潜在的重要应用。因此，为 HPV 相关疾病建立细胞 miRNA 表达谱可能对该疾病的筛查和治疗具有重要意义。这篇综述总结了黏膜 HNSCC 中 miRNA 表达的最新发现，并特别关注了 HPV 相关肿瘤中的 miRNA 表达。
