Kangethe Anne, Franic Duska M, Corso Phaedra S
University of Georgia College of Pharmacy, USA.
University of Georgia, College of Pharmacy, Clinical and Administrative Pharmacy, 250 West Green St, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
Soc Sci Med. 2016 Nov;169:86-96. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.09.018. Epub 2016 Sep 12.
The objective of this study was to compare the theoretical validity of two willingness-to-pay (WTP) methods, the commonly used payment card (PC) and the recently developed structured haggling (SH), for estimating the potential benefits of a diabetes prevention program in rural Kenya.
A convenience sample of adult residents from a rural county in Kenya (Kiambu), with no history of diabetes, was randomly assigned to one of two WTP methods, PC or SH, using structured face-to-face interviews from December 2011 to February 2012.
A total of 376 respondents completed the interviews using PC (n = 185) or SH (n = 191). More than 95% of respondents were willing to pay something for program access. The study showed that both methods were feasible in rural Kenya. SH resulted in a higher annual mean WTP than PC, Ksh504.05 (US$7.25) versus Ksh619.95 (US$5.90), respectively (p < 0.01). Based on theory, it was hypothesized that certain predisposing factors would result in greater WTP. Greater socio-economic status (measured using income proxies) resulted in greater unconditional WTP for both the PC and SH groups (t-tests and bivariate correlations) and conditional WTP (GLM models). GLM for PC showed being male, employed and having distant relatives with diabetes were significant predictors for WTP, while for SH being educated, employed and owning a vehicle were significant predictors.
Both PC and SH showed theoretical validity in rural Kenya. However, the use of SH over PC in rural Kenya may be the better choice given that SH more closely mirrors marketplace transactions in this setting and the use of SH resulted in more significant variables in the GLM models.
本研究的目的是比较两种支付意愿（WTP）方法——常用的支付卡（PC）法和最近开发的结构化讨价还价（SH）法——在评估肯尼亚农村糖尿病预防项目潜在效益方面的理论有效性。
2011年12月至2012年2月，采用结构化面对面访谈，从肯尼亚基安布县农村随机抽取无糖尿病病史的成年居民作为便利样本，随机分配到两种WTP方法之一，即PC法或SH法。
共有376名受访者完成了访谈，其中使用PC法的有185人，使用SH法的有191人。超过95%的受访者愿意为参与该项目支付一定费用。研究表明，两种方法在肯尼亚农村都是可行的。SH法得出的年平均支付意愿高于PC法，分别为504.05肯尼亚先令（7.25美元）和619.95肯尼亚先令（5.90美元）（p < 0.01）。基于理论，假设某些诱发因素会导致更高的支付意愿。更高的社会经济地位（用收入代理指标衡量）导致PC组和SH组的无条件支付意愿更高（t检验和双变量相关性）以及有条件支付意愿更高（广义线性模型）。PC法的广义线性模型显示，男性、就业且有患糖尿病的远亲是支付意愿的显著预测因素，而SH法的显著预测因素是受过教育、就业且拥有车辆。
PC法和SH法在肯尼亚农村都显示出理论有效性。然而，在肯尼亚农村使用SH法而非PC法可能是更好的选择，因为在这种情况下，SH法更接近市场交易，且在广义线性模型中使用SH法产生的变量更显著。
