USAID/Kenya Integrated Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Project, Nairobi, Kenya.
Health Economics Research Unit, Kenya Medical Research Institute Wellcome Trust, Nairobi, Kenya.
PLoS One. 2021 May 3;16(5):e0248223. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248223. eCollection 2021.
Poor sanitation worldwide leads to an annual loss of approximately $222.9 billion and is the second leading cause of Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY's) lost due to diarrhoea. Yet in Kenya, the slow rate and levels at which the household's access improved sanitation facilities remain a concern, and it is unknown if the cost of new technologies is a barrier to access. This study assessed the maximum willingness to pay (WTP) for SAFI and SATO sanitation products and identified those factors that affect the willingness to pay (WTP) valuation estimates by households in three counties in Kenya. It used quantitative economic evaluation research integrated within a cross-sectional survey. Contingent valuation method (CVM) was used to determine the maximum WTP for sanitation in households. We used the logistic regression model in data analysis. A total of 211 households were interviewed in each county, giving a total sample size of 633 households. The mean WTP for SAFI latrines was $153.39 per household, while the mean WTP for SATO pans and SATO stools was $11.49 and $14.77 respectively. For SAFI latrines, households in Kakamega were willing to pay $6.6 more than average while in Siaya, the households were willing to pay $5.1 less than the average. The main determinants of households WTP for the two sanitation products included household's proximity to the toilet (p = 0.0001), household income (β = .2245741, p = 0.004), sanitation product (β = -2968.091; p = 0.004), socioeconomic status (β = -3305.728, p = 0.004) and a household's satisfaction level with the current toilet (β = -4570.602; p = 0.0001). Increased proximity of households to the toilet, higher incomes, and providing loan facilities or subsidy to poor households could increase the demand for these sanitation technologies.
全球卫生条件较差导致每年损失约 2229 亿美元，是导致腹泻导致的伤残调整生命年（DALY）损失的第二大原因。然而，在肯尼亚，家庭获得改善卫生设施的速度和水平仍然令人担忧，而且尚不清楚新技术的成本是否是获得技术的障碍。本研究评估了 SAFI 和 SATO 卫生产品的最大意愿支付（WTP），并确定了影响肯尼亚三个县家庭支付意愿（WTP）估值的因素。它使用定量经济评估研究与横断面调查相结合。条件价值评估法（CVM）用于确定家庭对卫生的最大 WTP。我们在数据分析中使用了逻辑回归模型。每个县共访谈了 211 户家庭，总样本量为 633 户家庭。SAFI 厕所的平均 WTP 为每户 153.39 美元，而 SATO 盆和 SATO 马桶的平均 WTP 分别为 11.49 美元和 14.77 美元。对于 SAFI 厕所，卡卡梅加的家庭愿意比平均水平多支付 6.6 美元，而在锡亚，家庭愿意比平均水平少支付 5.1 美元。家庭对两种卫生产品的 WTP 的主要决定因素包括家庭与厕所的距离（p = 0.0001）、家庭收入（β =.2245741，p = 0.004）、卫生产品（β = -2968.091；p = 0.004）、社会经济地位（β = -3305.728，p = 0.004）和家庭对现有厕所的满意度（β = -4570.602；p = 0.0001）。增加家庭与厕所的距离、提高收入、向贫困家庭提供贷款或补贴，都可以增加对这些卫生技术的需求。
