Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Saarland University Hospital, Homburg, Germany.
Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany.
Neurourol Urodyn. 2017 Aug;36(6):1550-1556. doi: 10.1002/nau.23146. Epub 2016 Oct 4.
To assess the rates of incontinence and associated psychological problems in children, adolescents and adults with Down Syndrome, a genetic syndrome caused by partial or complete triplication (trisomy) of chromosome 21 and characterized by typical facial features, a physical growth delay and mild or moderate intellectual disability.
Three hundred and seventeen persons with Down Syndrome (4-51 years) were recruited through a German parent support group (59.6% male, mean age 19.2 years). The Parental Questionnaire: Enuresis/Urinary Incontinence, the Incontinence Questionnaire-Pediatric Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms, as well as the Developmental Behavior Checklist (DBC) for parents or for adults were filled out by parents or care-givers.
17.2% of the sample had nocturnal enuresis, 15.9% had daytime urinary incontinence, and 14.2% had fecal incontinence. Incontinence was present in 64.0% of young children (4-12 years), 10.3% of teens (13-17 years), 12.8% of young adults (18-30 years) and in 22.4% of older adults (>30 years). 13.6% of children and 8.4% of adults had a DBC score in the clinical range. 19.5% of children and 27.8% of adults with incontinence had behavioral problems. There was a significant association between nocturnal enuresis, daytime urinary incontinence and clinical DBC scores in adults.
Incontinence in Down Syndrome is mainly present in young children and increases in older adults. Behavioral comorbidity is associated with incontinence only in adults with Down Syndrome. Screening and treatment of incontinence in individuals with Down Syndrome is recommended.
评估唐氏综合征患者（唐氏综合征是一种由 21 号染色体部分或完全三体性（三体型）引起的遗传性综合征，其特征为典型的面部特征、生长发育迟缓以及轻度或中度智力障碍）的失禁发生率及其相关心理问题。
通过德国的一个家长支持小组招募了 317 名唐氏综合征患者（男性占 59.6%，平均年龄 19.2 岁，年龄 4-51 岁）。由家长或护理人员填写家长问卷：遗尿/尿失禁、小儿下尿路症状失禁问卷以及发育行为检查表（DBC）。
该样本中 17.2%有夜间遗尿，15.9%有日间尿失禁，14.2%有粪便失禁。64.0%的幼儿（4-12 岁）、10.3%的青少年（13-17 岁）、12.8%的年轻成人（18-30 岁）和 22.4%的老年成人（>30 岁）存在失禁。13.6%的儿童和 8.4%的成人 DBC 评分处于临床范围。19.5%的儿童和 27.8%的有失禁的成人存在行为问题。夜间遗尿、日间尿失禁与成人 DBC 评分之间存在显著关联。
唐氏综合征患者的失禁主要发生在幼儿中，并随着年龄的增长而增加。行为共病仅与唐氏综合征成人的失禁相关。建议对唐氏综合征患者进行失禁筛查和治疗。
