Institute of Experimental Pathology, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
Münster Graduate School of Evolution, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany.
Nat Commun. 2016 Oct 6;7:12997. doi: 10.1038/ncomms12997.
Tarsiers are phylogenetically located between the most basal strepsirrhines and the most derived anthropoid primates. While they share morphological features with both groups, they also possess uncommon primate characteristics, rendering their evolutionary history somewhat obscure. To investigate the molecular basis of such attributes, we present here a new genome assembly of the Philippine tarsier (Tarsius syrichta), and provide extended analyses of the genome and detailed history of transposable element insertion events. We describe the silencing of Alu monomers on the lineage leading to anthropoids, and recognize an unexpected abundance of long terminal repeat-derived and LINE1-mobilized transposed elements (Tarsius interspersed elements; TINEs). For the first time in mammals, we identify a complete mitochondrial genome insertion within the nuclear genome, then reveal tarsier-specific, positive gene selection and posit population size changes over time. The genomic resources and analyses presented here will aid efforts to more fully understand the ancient characteristics of primate genomes.
眼镜猴在进化上位于最基础的灵长类动物和最衍生的人科灵长类动物之间。虽然它们与这两个群体都有形态特征，但它们也具有不常见的灵长类特征，这使得它们的进化历史有些模糊。为了研究这些特征的分子基础，我们在这里呈现了菲律宾眼镜猴（Tarsius syrichta）的新基因组组装，并对基因组和转座元件插入事件的详细历史进行了扩展分析。我们描述了在导致人科的谱系上 Alu 单体的沉默，并识别出出乎意料的大量长末端重复衍生和 LINE1 动员的转座元件（Tarsius interspersed elements；TINEs）。我们首次在哺乳动物中鉴定出一个完整的线粒体基因组插入核基因组，然后揭示了眼镜猴特有的、正向的基因选择，并提出了随着时间的推移种群大小的变化。这里呈现的基因组资源和分析将有助于更全面地理解灵长类基因组的古老特征。
