Transporters Involved in Root Nitrate Uptake and Sensing by .

Most plants use nitrate (NO) as their major nitrogen (N) source. The NO uptake capacity of a plant is determined by three interdependent factors that are sensitive to NO availability: (i) the functional properties of the transporters in roots that contribute to the acquisition of NO from the external medium, (ii) the density of functional transporters at the plasma membrane of root cells, and (iii) the surface and architecture of the root system. The identification of factors that regulate the NO-sensing systems is important for both fundamental and applied science, because these factors control the capacity of plants to use the available NO, a process known as the "nitrate use efficiency." The molecular component of the transporters involved in uptake and sensing mechanism in roots are presented and their relative contribution discussed.