Suppr超能文献

19-35 月龄儿童疫苗接种覆盖率 - 美国,2015 年。

Vaccination Coverage Among Children Aged 19-35 Months - United States, 2015.

机构信息

Immunization Services Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, CDC.

出版信息

MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016 Oct 7;65(39):1065-1071. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6539a4.

Abstract

Sustained high coverage with recommended vaccinations among children has kept many vaccine-preventable diseases at low levels in the United States (1). To assess coverage with vaccinations recommended for children by age 2 years in the United States (2), CDC analyzed data collected by the 2015 National Immunization Survey (NIS) for children aged 19-35 months (born January 2012-May 2014). Overall, coverage did not change during 2014-2015. Coverage in 2015 was highest for ≥3 doses of poliovirus vaccine (93.7%), ≥3 doses of hepatitis B vaccine (HepB) (92.6%), ≥1 dose of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR) (91.9%), and ≥1 dose of varicella vaccine (91.8%). The data were also examined for potential vaccination coverage differences by race/ethnicity, poverty status, and urbanicity. Although disparities were noted for each of these factors, the most striking differences were seen for poverty status. Children living below the federal poverty level* had lower coverage with most of the vaccinations assessed compared with children living at or above the poverty level; the largest disparities were for rotavirus vaccine (66.8% versus 76.8%), ≥4 doses of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) (78.9% versus 87.2%), the full series of Haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine (Hib) (78.1% versus 85.5%), and ≥4 doses of diphtheria, tetanus, and acellular pertussis vaccine (DTaP) (80.2% versus 87.1%). Although coverage was high in some groups, opportunities exist to continue to address disparities. Implementation of evidence-based interventions, including strategies to enhance access to vaccination services and systems strategies that can reduce missed opportunities, has the potential to increase vaccination coverage for children living below the poverty level and in rural areas (3).

摘要

持续为儿童提供高覆盖率的推荐疫苗接种,使许多可通过疫苗预防的疾病在美国保持在低水平(1)。为评估美国 2 岁以下儿童的疫苗接种覆盖率(2),疾病预防控制中心分析了 2015 年全国免疫调查(NIS)收集的数据,调查对象为 19-35 月龄儿童(2012 年 1 月至 2014 年 5 月出生)。总体而言,2014-2015 年期间,疫苗接种覆盖率没有变化。2015 年,脊灰病毒疫苗(≥3 剂)(93.7%)、乙型肝炎疫苗(HepB)(≥3 剂)(92.6%)、麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹疫苗(≥1 剂)(91.9%)和水痘疫苗(≥1 剂)(91.8%)的接种覆盖率最高。还按种族/民族、贫困状况和城市状况对潜在疫苗接种覆盖率差异进行了检查。尽管在这些因素中都注意到了差异,但贫困状况的差异最为明显。与生活在贫困线或以上的儿童相比,生活在贫困线以下的儿童接种大多数疫苗的覆盖率较低;差异最大的是轮状病毒疫苗(66.8%比 76.8%)、肺炎球菌结合疫苗(PCV)(≥4 剂)(78.9%比 87.2%)、全系列流感嗜血杆菌疫苗(Hib)(78.1%比 85.5%)和白喉、破伤风和无细胞百日咳疫苗(DTaP)(≥4 剂)(80.2%比 87.1%)。尽管某些群体的覆盖率很高,但仍有机会继续解决差距问题。实施循证干预措施,包括增强接种服务获取和减少错失接种机会的系统策略,有可能提高生活在贫困线以下的儿童和农村地区儿童的疫苗接种覆盖率(3)。

文献AI研究员

20分钟写一篇综述,助力文献阅读效率提升50倍。

立即体验

用中文搜PubMed

大模型驱动的PubMed中文搜索引擎

马上搜索

文档翻译

学术文献翻译模型,支持多种主流文档格式。

立即体验