Santana C C A, Azevedo L B, Cattuzzo M T, Hill J O, Andrade L P, Prado W L
Physical Education Post Graduate Program, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2017 Jun;27(6):579-603. doi: 10.1111/sms.12773. Epub 2016 Oct 7.
Physical fitness (PF) is a construct of health- and skill-related attributes which have been associated with academic performance (AP) in youth. This study aimed to review the scientific evidence on the association among components of PF and AP in children and adolescents. A systematic review of articles using databases PubMed/Medline, ERIC, LILACS, SciELO, and Web of Science was undertaken. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies examining the association between at least one component of PF and AP in children and adolescents, published between 1990 and June 2016, were included. Independent extraction of articles was carried out by the two authors using predefined data fields. From a total of 45 studies included, 25 report a positive association between components of PF with AP and 20 describe a single association between cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and AP. According to the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines: 12 were classified as low, 32 as medium risk, and 1 as high risk of bias. Thirty-one studies reported a positive association between AP and CRF, six studies with muscular strength, three studies with flexibility, and seven studies reported a positive association between clustered of PF components and AP. The magnitude of the associations is weak to moderate (β = 0.10-0.42 and odds = 1.01-4.14). There is strong evidence for a positive association between CRF and cluster of PF with AP in cross-sectional studies; and evidence from longitudinal studies for a positive association between cluster of PF and AP; the relationship between muscular strength and flexibility with AP remains uncertain.
体能（PF）是一种与健康和技能相关的属性结构，这些属性与青少年的学业成绩（AP）相关。本研究旨在综述有关儿童和青少年体能各组成部分与学业成绩之间关联的科学证据。我们使用PubMed/Medline、ERIC、LILACS、SciELO和Web of Science数据库对文章进行了系统综述。纳入了1990年至2016年6月期间发表的横断面和纵向研究，这些研究考察了儿童和青少年体能的至少一个组成部分与学业成绩之间的关联。两位作者使用预定义的数据字段对文章进行独立提取。在总共纳入的45项研究中，25项报告了体能组成部分与学业成绩之间存在正相关，20项描述了心肺适能（CRF）与学业成绩之间的单一关联。根据加强流行病学观察性研究报告的指南：12项被归类为低偏倚风险，32项为中等偏倚风险，1项为高偏倚风险。31项研究报告了学业成绩与心肺适能之间存在正相关，6项研究涉及肌肉力量，3项研究涉及柔韧性，7项研究报告了体能组成部分的聚类与学业成绩之间存在正相关。这些关联的强度为弱到中等（β = 0.10 - 0.42，比值 = 1.01 - 4.14）。横断面研究中有强有力的证据表明心肺适能和体能聚类与学业成绩之间存在正相关；纵向研究中有证据表明体能聚类与学业成绩之间存在正相关；肌肉力量和柔韧性与学业成绩之间的关系仍不确定。
