Grasaas Erik, Sandbakk Øyvind, Ostojic Sergej, Hovrerak May Olaug, Stea Tonje Holte
Teacher Education Unit, University in Agder, Kristi6ansand, Norway.
School of Sport Science, UiT The Artic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway.
Front Sports Act Living. 2025 Aug 11;7:1613391. doi: 10.3389/fspor.2025.1613391. eCollection 2025.
Extensive research highlights the critical role of sport and physical activity (PA) engagement during adolescence, as it is strongly associated with enhanced subjective well-being, reduced risk of mental health problems, and prevention of chronic diseases in adulthood. Thus, it is highly important to identify key barriers of sport participation in adolescence. The present study aimed to; (1) describe socioeconomic status (SES) across different sport disciplines among current participants and sport dropouts, (2) examine possible associations between sport participation and sport dropouts on school-related outcomes.
School-based cross-sectional data among 90,091 adolescents aged 16-19 years were collected across Norway between 2021 and 2023. A self-report questionnaire was used to assess information about sociodemographic background, current and previous sport participation, and school-related factors, including perceived school stress, teacher care, feeling tired at school and sense of belonging at school. Adjusted binary logistic regressions were conducted using IBM SPSS Statistics.
Adolescents currently participating in sport reported higher SES compared to sport dropouts (2.13 ± 0.51 vs. 1.97 ± 0.61, < 0.01). Tennis participants demonstrated the highest SES of 2.39 ± 0.44, while motorsport participants revealed the lowest score (1.82 ± 0.49). The highest sport attrition rate (80.2%) was revealed among adolescents from the lowest SES level. Current sport participants reported favorable school-related outcomes and PA engagement compared to sport dropouts (all, < 0.01). Adjusted logistic analyses showed that participation in sport activities was associated with lower odds of perceived school stress [OR = 0.83; 95% CI (0.81-0.86)] and being tired during school hours [OR = 0.74; 95% CI (0.71-0.77)], and higher odds for perceived teacher care [OR = 1.17; 95% CI (1.12-1.22)] and perceived sense of belonging [OR = 1.36; 95% CI (1.31-1.42)].
Higher SES was found among adolescents participating in sport compared to sport dropouts, underscoring the importance of promoting affordable sport opportunities during adolescence. Current sport participation was associated with favorable school-related outcomes compared to sport dropouts, such as lower odds for perceived school stress and tiredness in school, and higher odds of perceived sense of belonging in school and perceived teacher care.
广泛的研究强调了青少年时期参与体育活动和身体锻炼（PA）的关键作用，因为这与主观幸福感增强、心理健康问题风险降低以及预防成年期慢性病密切相关。因此，识别青少年参与体育活动的主要障碍非常重要。本研究旨在：（1）描述当前参与者和退出体育活动者在不同体育项目中的社会经济地位（SES），（2）研究体育活动参与和退出与学校相关结果之间的可能关联。
2021年至2023年期间，在挪威收集了90,091名16至19岁青少年的基于学校的横断面数据。使用自我报告问卷评估社会人口背景、当前和以前的体育活动参与情况以及与学校相关的因素，包括感知到的学校压力、教师关怀、在学校感到疲倦和学校归属感。使用IBM SPSS Statistics进行调整后的二元逻辑回归分析。
与退出体育活动者相比，当前参与体育活动的青少年报告的SES更高（2.13±0.51 vs. 1.97±0.61，P<0.01）。网球参与者的SES最高，为2.39±0.44，而赛车运动参与者的得分最低（1.82±0.49）。SES水平最低的青少年中体育活动退出率最高（80.2%）。与退出体育活动者相比，当前参与体育活动的青少年报告了更好的学校相关结果和PA参与情况（均P<0.01）。调整后的逻辑分析表明，参与体育活动与感知到的学校压力较低的几率[比值比（OR）=0.83；95%置信区间（CI）（0.81 - 0.86）]和在校期间感到疲倦的几率较低[OR = 0.74；95% CI（0.71 - 0.77）]相关，与感知到的教师关怀较高的几率[OR = 1.17；95% CI（1.12 - 1.22）]和感知到的归属感较高的几率[OR = 1.36；95% CI（1.31 - 1.42）]相关。
与退出体育活动者相比，参与体育活动的青少年SES更高，这凸显了在青少年时期推广负担得起的体育机会的重要性。与退出体育活动者相比，当前参与体育活动与更好的学校相关结果相关，例如感知到的学校压力和在校疲倦的几率较低，以及感知到的学校归属感和教师关怀较高的几率。
