Revzin Margarita V, Ersahin Devrim, Israel Gary M, Kirsch Jonathan D, Mathur Mahan, Bokhari Jamal, Scoutt Leslie M
From the Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 333 Cedar St, PO Box 208042, Room TE-2, New Haven, CT 06520.
Radiographics. 2016 Nov-Dec;36(7):2028-2048. doi: 10.1148/rg.2016150181. Epub 2016 Oct 7.
Ultrasonography (US) has a fundamental role in the initial examination of patients who present with symptoms indicating abnormalities of the inguinal canal (IC), an area known for its complex anatomy. A thorough understanding of the embryologic and imaging characteristics of the contents of the IC is essential for any general radiologist. Moreover, an awareness of the various pathologic conditions that can affect IC structures is crucial to preventing misdiagnoses and ensuring optimal patient care. Early detection of IC abnormalities can reduce the risk of morbidity and mortality and facilitate proper treatment. Abnormalities may be related to increased intra-abdominal pressure, which can result in development of direct inguinal hernias and varicoceles, or to congenital anomalies of the processus vaginalis, which can result in development of indirect hernias and hydroceles. US is also helpful in assessing postoperative complications of hernia repair, such as hematoma, seroma, abscess, and hernia recurrence. In addition, it is often the modality initially used to detect neoplasms arising from or invading the IC. US is an important tool in the examination of patients suspected of having undescended testes or posttraumatic testicular retraction and is essential for the examination of patients suspected of having torsion or infectious inflammatory conditions of the spermatic cord. Online supplemental material is available for this article. RSNA, 2016.
超声检查（US）在对出现腹股沟管（IC）异常症状的患者进行初步检查中起着重要作用，腹股沟管区域以其复杂的解剖结构而闻名。对于任何普通放射科医生来说，全面了解腹股沟管内容物的胚胎学和影像学特征至关重要。此外，了解可能影响腹股沟管结构的各种病理状况对于防止误诊和确保最佳患者护理至关重要。早期发现腹股沟管异常可降低发病率和死亡率风险，并有助于进行适当治疗。异常可能与腹内压升高有关，这可能导致直疝和精索静脉曲张的发生，或者与鞘突的先天性异常有关，这可能导致斜疝和鞘膜积液的发生。超声检查在评估疝修补术后并发症（如血肿、血清肿、脓肿和疝复发）方面也很有帮助。此外，它通常是最初用于检测起源于或侵犯腹股沟管的肿瘤的检查方法。超声检查是检查疑似隐睾或创伤后睾丸回缩患者的重要工具，对于检查疑似精索扭转或感染性炎症疾病的患者至关重要。本文提供在线补充材料。RSNA，2016年。
