Use of direct-acting agents for hepatitis C virus-positive kidney transplant candidates and kidney transplant recipients.

In some parts of the world, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection remains a huge problem for kidney transplant candidates and kidney transplant (KT) recipients. Until 2 years ago, anti-HCV treatment for the general population relied on pegylated alpha-interferon plus ribavirin, but led to a sustained viral response (SVR) in <50% of cases. This treatment was contraindicated in KT patients because of acute-rejection issues and was poorly tolerated in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Over the last year, direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) have entered the market and are associated in the general population with a SVR of >90%, whatever the patient's HCV genotype. In KT patients, sofosbuvir-based therapy is associated with a SVR at nearly 100% in patients with a HCV genotype-1 infection, with almost no side effects and only mild interference with immunosuppressive drugs. Most HCV(+) patients with ESRD are genotype 1: in that setting, a recent study reported that the association of grazoprevir/elbasvir 100/50 mg/day led to a SVR of nearly 95% with very few side effects. Thus, it is concluded that DAAs can be safely used and lead to results in KT candidates and KT patients that are as good as those observed in the nonrenal population.