Liu Ying-Chieh, Chen Chien-Hung, Lee Chien-Wei, Lin Yu-Sheng, Chen Hsin-Yun, Yeh Jou-Yin, Chiu Sherry Yueh-Hsia
Department of Industrial Design, College of Management, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
CyberTrust Technology Institute, Institute for Information Industry, Taipei, Taiwan.
J Biomed Inform. 2016 Dec;64:122-130. doi: 10.1016/j.jbi.2016.10.001. Epub 2016 Oct 5.
We designed and developed two interactive apps interfaces for dietary food measurements on mobile devices. The user-centered designs of both the IPI (interactive photo interface) and the SBI (sketching-based interface) were evaluated. Four types of outcomes were assessed to evaluate the usability of mobile devices for dietary measurements, including accuracy, absolute weight differences, and the response time to determine the efficacy of food measurements.
The IPI presented users with images of pre-determined portion sizes of a specific food and allowed users to scan and then select the most representative image matching the food that they were measuring. The SBI required users to relate the food shape to a readily available comparator (e.g., credit card) and scribble to shade in the appropriate area. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to evaluate their usability.
A total of 108 participants were randomly assigned into the following three groups: the IPI (n=36) and SBI (n=38) experimental groups and the traditional life-size photo (TLP) group as the control. A total of 18 types of food items with 3-4 different weights were randomly selected for assessment by each type. The independent Chi-square test and t-test were performed for the dichotomous and continuous variable analyses, respectively. The total accuracy rates were 66.98%, 44.15%, and 72.06% for the IPI, SBI, and TLP, respectively. No significant difference was observed between the IPI and TLP, regardless of the accuracy proportion or weight differences. The SBI accuracy rates were significantly lower than the IPI and TLP accuracy rates, especially for several spooned, square cube, and sliced pie food items. The time needed to complete the operation assessment by the user was significantly lower for the IPI than for the SBI.
Our study corroborates that the user-centered visual-based design of the IPI on a mobile device is comparable the TLP in terms of the usability for dietary food measurements. However, improvements are needed because both the IPI and TLP accuracies associated with some food shapes were lower than 60%. The SBI is not yet a viable aid. This innovative alternative required further improvements to the user interface.
我们设计并开发了两款用于移动设备上膳食食物测量的交互式应用程序界面。对交互式照片界面（IPI）和基于草图的界面（SBI）这两种以用户为中心的设计进行了评估。评估了四种类型的结果以评估移动设备用于膳食测量的可用性，包括准确性、绝对重量差异以及确定食物测量功效的响应时间。
IPI向用户展示特定食物预定份量大小的图像，允许用户扫描然后选择与他们正在测量的食物最具代表性的匹配图像。SBI要求用户将食物形状与现成的比较物（如信用卡）相关联，并进行涂鸦以在适当区域着色。进行了一项随机对照试验以评估它们的可用性。
总共108名参与者被随机分为以下三组：IPI实验组（n = 36）、SBI实验组（n = 38）和传统实物大小照片（TLP）组作为对照组。每种类型随机选择了18种具有3 - 4种不同重量的食物进行评估。分别对二分变量和连续变量分析进行了独立卡方检验和t检验。IPI、SBI和TLP的总准确率分别为66.98%、44.15%和72.06%。无论准确率比例或重量差异如何，IPI和TLP之间均未观察到显著差异。SBI的准确率显著低于IPI和TLP的准确率，特别是对于几种勺状、正方体和切片派状食物。用户完成操作评估所需的时间，IPI比SBI显著更短。
我们的研究证实，移动设备上IPI以用户为中心的基于视觉的设计在膳食食物测量的可用性方面与TLP相当。然而，仍需改进，因为与某些食物形状相关的IPI和TLP的准确率均低于60%。SBI尚不是一种可行的辅助工具。这种创新的替代方案需要对用户界面进行进一步改进。
