Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.
Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
Chem Soc Rev. 2016 Nov 21;45(23):6488-6519. doi: 10.1039/c6cs00616g.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has been applied to treat a wide range of medical conditions, including wet age-related macular degeneration psoriasis, atherosclerosis, viral infection and malignant cancers. However, the tissue penetration limitation of excitation light hinders the widespread clinical use of PDT. To overcome this "Achilles' heel", deep PDT, a novel type of phototherapy, has been developed for the efficient treatment of deep-seated diseases. Based on the different excitation sources, including near-infrared (NIR) light, X-ray radiation, and internal self-luminescence, a series of deep PDT techniques have been explored to demonstrate the advantages of deep cancer therapy over conventional PDT excited by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) light. In particular, the featured applications of deep PDT, such as organelle-targeted deep PDT, hypoxic deep PDT and deep PDT-involved multimodal synergistic therapy are discussed. Finally, the future development and potential challenges of deep PDT are also elucidated for clinical translation. It is highly expected that deep PDT will be developed as a versatile, depth/oxygen-independent and minimally invasive strategy for treating a variety of malignant tumours at deep locations.
光动力疗法（PDT）已被广泛应用于治疗多种医学病症，包括湿性年龄相关性黄斑变性、银屑病、动脉粥样硬化、病毒感染和恶性肿瘤等。然而，由于激发光的组织穿透性有限，限制了 PDT 在临床上的广泛应用。为了克服这一“阿喀琉斯之踵”，深层 PDT 作为一种新型光疗技术被开发出来，用于高效治疗深部疾病。根据不同的激发源，包括近红外（NIR）光、X 射线辐射和内部自发光，已经探索了一系列深层 PDT 技术，以证明与传统的基于紫外-可见（UV-Vis）光激发的 PDT 相比，深层 PDT 在癌症治疗方面的优势。特别是，讨论了深层 PDT 的特色应用，如细胞器靶向深层 PDT、缺氧深层 PDT 和深层 PDT 相关的多模式协同治疗。最后，还阐明了深层 PDT 用于临床转化的未来发展和潜在挑战。人们高度期望深层 PDT 能够发展成为一种多功能、与深度和氧气无关的微创策略，用于治疗各种深部位置的恶性肿瘤。
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