De Steur Hans, Wesana Joshua, Blancquaert Dieter, Van Der Straeten Dominique, Gellynck Xavier
Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Biosciences Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
School of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Mountains of the Moon University, Fort Portal, Uganda.
Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2017 Feb;1390(1):14-33. doi: 10.1111/nyas.13199. Epub 2016 Oct 10.
Building upon the growing interest and research on genetically modified (GM) biofortification, its socioeconomic potential has been increasingly examined. We conducted two systematic reviews and meta-analyses to provide comprehensive evidence of consumers' willingness to pay (11 economic valuation studies, 64 estimates) and cost-effectiveness/benefits (five economic evaluation studies, 30 estimates). Worldwide, consumers were willing to pay 23.9% more for GM biofortified food crops. Aside from crop and design-related differences, information provision was deemed crucial. Positive information (nutrition and GM benefits) is associated with the highest consumer willingness to pay, compared with negative, objective, and conflicting GM information, especially when negative information was mentioned last. This health intervention would reduce the aggregated micronutrient deficiency burden in Asia (15.6 million disability-adjusted life years (DALYs)) by 12.5-51.4%, at a low cost of USD 7.9-27.8 per DALY in a pessimistic and optimistic scenario, respectively. Given that GM biofortified crops could tackle hidden hunger in a cost-effective and well-accepted way, its implementation is worth pursuing. A case study on folate biofortification further elaborates on the importance of socioeconomic research and the determinants of their market potential.
基于对转基因生物强化的兴趣和研究不断增加，其社会经济潜力得到了越来越多的审视。我们进行了两项系统评价和荟萃分析，以提供关于消费者支付意愿（11项经济估值研究，64个估计值）和成本效益/收益（5项经济评价研究，30个估计值）的全面证据。在全球范围内，消费者愿意为转基因生物强化粮食作物多支付23.9%。除了作物和设计相关的差异外，信息提供被认为至关重要。与负面、客观和相互矛盾的转基因信息相比，正面信息（营养和转基因益处）与消费者最高的支付意愿相关，尤其是当负面信息最后被提及时。这种健康干预将使亚洲的总体微量营养素缺乏负担（1560万伤残调整生命年（DALYs））分别在悲观和乐观情景下以每DALY 7.9 - 27.8美元的低成本降低12.5% - 51.4%。鉴于转基因生物强化作物能够以具有成本效益且易于接受的方式解决隐性饥饿问题，其实施值得推行。一项关于叶酸生物强化的案例研究进一步阐述了社会经济研究的重要性及其市场潜力的决定因素。
