童年逆境后前额叶-杏仁核连接增强作为青少年内化问题的一种保护机制。
Enhanced prefrontal-amygdala connectivity following childhood adversity as a protective mechanism against internalizing in adolescence.
作者信息
Herringa Ryan J, Burghy Cory A, Stodola Diane E, Fox Michelle E, Davidson Richard J, Essex Marilyn J
机构信息
Department of Psychiatry, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine & Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Center for Investigating Healthy Minds at the Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
出版信息
Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging. 2016 Jul;1(4):326-334. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.03.003.
BACKGROUND
Much research has focused on the deleterious neurobiological effects of childhood adversity that may underlie internalizing disorders. While most youth show emotional adaptation following adversity, the corresponding neural mechanisms remain poorly understood.
METHODS
In this longitudinal community study, we examined the associations among childhood family adversity, adolescent internalizing symptoms, and their interaction on regional brain activation and amygdala/hippocampus functional connectivity during emotion processing in 132 adolescents.
RESULTS
Consistent with prior work, childhood adversity predicted heightened amygdala reactivity to negative, but not positive, images in adolescence. However, amygdala reactivity was not related to internalizing symptoms. Furthermore, childhood adversity predicted increased fronto-amygdala connectivity to negative, but not positive, images, yet only in lower internalizing adolescents. Childhood adversity also predicted increased fronto-hippocampal connectivity to negative images, but was not moderated by internalizing. These findings were unrelated to adolescence adversity or externalizing symptoms, suggesting specificity to childhood adversity and adolescent internalizing.
CONCLUSIONS
Together, these findings suggest that adaptation to childhood adversity is associated with augmentation of fronto-subcortical circuits specifically for negative emotional stimuli. Conversely, insufficient enhancement of fronto-amygdala connectivity, with increasing amygdala reactivity, may represent a neural signature of vulnerability for internalizing by late adolescence. These findings implicate early childhood as a critical period in determining the brain's adaptation to adversity, and suggest that even normative adverse experiences can have significant impact on neurodevelopment and functioning. These results offer potential neural mechanisms of adaptation and vulnerability which could be used in the prediction of risk for psychopathology following childhood adversity.
背景
许多研究聚焦于童年逆境可能导致内化障碍的有害神经生物学效应。虽然大多数青少年在经历逆境后会表现出情绪适应，但相应的神经机制仍知之甚少。
方法
在这项纵向社区研究中，我们调查了132名青少年童年家庭逆境、青少年内化症状及其在情绪处理过程中对脑区激活和杏仁核/海马体功能连接的交互作用之间的关联。
结果
与先前的研究一致，童年逆境预示着青少年期杏仁核对负面而非正面图像的反应性增强。然而，杏仁核反应性与内化症状无关。此外，童年逆境预示着与负面而非正面图像的额-杏仁核连接增加，但仅在低内化青少年中如此。童年逆境还预示着与负面图像的额-海马体连接增加，但不受内化的调节。这些发现与青少年期逆境或外化症状无关，表明对童年逆境和青少年内化具有特异性。
结论
总之，这些发现表明，对童年逆境的适应与专门针对负面情绪刺激的额-皮质下回路增强有关。相反，随着杏仁核反应性增加，额-杏仁核连接增强不足可能代表青春期后期内化易感性的神经特征。这些发现表明幼儿期是决定大脑对逆境适应的关键时期，并表明即使是正常的不良经历也可能对神经发育和功能产生重大影响。这些结果提供了适应和易感性的潜在神经机制，可用于预测童年逆境后精神病理学风险。
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