Mutapi Francisca
Ashworth Laboratories,Institute of Immunology and Infection Research,Centre for Immunity,Infection and Evolution,School of Biological Sciences,University of Edinburgh,Edinburgh, EH9 3JT,UK.
Parasitology. 2017 Oct;144(12):1624-1632. doi: 10.1017/S0031182016001724. Epub 2016 Oct 12.
Schistosomiasis, commonly known as bilharzia, is a parasitic disease prevalent in Africa, Asia and South America. The majority of the cases occur in Sub-Saharan Africa where schistosomiasis is a major public health problem impacting on child health and development as well as adult health when infections become chronic. Control of schistosomiasis is by treatment of infected people with the antihelminthic drug praziquantel. Current schistosome control programmes advocated by the World Health Assembly in 2001 are aimed at regular school-based integrated deworming strategies in order to reduce development of severe morbidity, promote school health and to improve cognitive potential of children. Several countries in Africa have now embarked on national scale deworming programmes treating millions of children exposed to schistosomiasis in endemic areas without prior diagnosis of infection through mass drug administration programmes. Implementing such control programmes requires a concerted effort between scientists, policy makers, health practitioners and several other stake holders and of course a receptive community. This paper considers the contributions to global schistosome control efforts made by research conducted in Zimbabwe and the historical context and developments leading to the national schistosomiasis control programme in Zimbabwe giving an example of Getting Research into Policy and Practice.
血吸虫病,俗称裂体吸虫病,是一种在非洲、亚洲和南美洲流行的寄生虫病。大多数病例发生在撒哈拉以南非洲地区,在那里,血吸虫病是一个重大的公共卫生问题,当感染变为慢性时,会影响儿童健康与发育以及成人健康。控制血吸虫病的方法是用抗蠕虫药物吡喹酮治疗感染者。世界卫生大会在2001年倡导的当前血吸虫病控制规划旨在采取以学校为基础的定期综合驱虫策略,以减少严重发病情况的发生、促进学校卫生并提高儿童的认知潜力。非洲的几个国家现已开始实施全国范围的驱虫规划,通过大规模药物施用方案对数百万在流行地区接触血吸虫病的儿童进行治疗,而无需事先诊断感染情况。实施此类控制规划需要科学家、政策制定者、卫生从业人员和其他几个利益相关者共同努力,当然还需要一个接受度高的社区。本文探讨了津巴布韦开展的研究对全球血吸虫病控制工作的贡献,以及导致津巴布韦国家血吸虫病控制规划的历史背景和发展情况,并举例说明了将研究成果转化为政策和实践的过程。