Immediate and long-term results of carotid endarterectomy.

We review the long-term results of carotid endarterectomy in 200 consecutive patients operated on from 1980 to 1987. The patients were part of an ongoing study using duplex scanning to assess the status of the carotid bifurcation before and after endarterectomy. The average follow-up for the patients was 31 months. The indications for surgery were transient ischemic attacks in 87 (43.5%) and stroke in 36 (18%) patients; 77 patients (38.5%) were asymptomatic. In 176 sides (88%), the degree of stenosis exceeded 50% in terms of diameter reduction. The perioperative stroke rate was 2.3% in patients with transient ischemic attacks, 2.8% in patients with strokes, and 1.3% in asymptomatic patients. There was one perioperative death (0.5%). There were five occlusions of the internal carotid artery, one during the perioperative period and four after discharge; in three patients the occlusion was associated with the development of a stroke. There was a restenosis rate of 19.7% secondary to myointimal hyperplasia; such lesions did not appear to contribute to new ischemic events during or after their development. The mean stroke incidence after the decision was made for carotid endarterectomy was 2.8%/yr in the patients with transient ischemic attacks, 6.2%/yr in the patients with stroke, and 0.65%/yr in the asymptomatic patients. The annual death rate was 6% for the entire group, 5.5%/yr in the patients with transient ischemic attacks, 9.2%/yr in the patients with stroke, and 4.6%/yr in the asymptomatic patients.