低收入黑人女性对邻里环境的认知与高血压：一项定性研究
Neighborhood perceptions and hypertension among low-income black women: a qualitative study.
作者信息
Al-Bayan Maliyhah, Islam Nadia, Edwards Shawneaqua, Duncan Dustin T
机构信息
Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, USA.
Department of Population Health, Spatial Epidemiology Lab, New York University School of Medicine, 227 East 30th Street, 6th Floor, Room 621, New York, NY, 10016, USA.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2016 Oct 12;16(1):1075. doi: 10.1186/s12889-016-3741-2.
BACKGROUND
The majority of studies examining the role of neighborhoods and hypertension-related outcomes have been quantitative in nature and very few studies have examined specific disadvantaged populations, including low-income housing residents. The objective of this study was to use qualitative interviews to explore low-income Black women's perceptions of their neighborhoods and to understand how those perceptions may affect their health, especially as it relates to blood pressure.
METHODS
Seventeen Black female participants, living in public housing communities in New York City, completed one semi-structured, audiotaped interview in July of 2014. All interviews were transcribed, coded, and analyzed for emerging themes using N'Vivo 10 software.
RESULTS
Three major themes emerged: (1) social connectedness, (2) stress factors, and (3) availability of food options. For example, factors that caused stress varied throughout the study population. Sources of stress included family members, employment, and uncleanliness within the neighborhood. Many participants attributed their stress to personal issues, such as lack of employment and relationships. In addition, the general consensus among many participants was that there should be a greater density of healthy food options in their neighborhoods. Some believed that the pricing of fresh foods in the neighborhoods should better reflect the financial status of the residents in the community.
CONCLUSIONS
Various neighborhood influences, including neighborhood disorder and lack of healthy food options, are factors that appear to increase Black women's risk of developing high blood pressure. Implications of this research include the need to develop interventions that promote good neighborhood infrastructure (e.g. healthy food stores to encourage good nutrition habits and well-lit walking paths to encourage daily exercise), in addition to interventions that increase hypertension awareness in low-income neighborhoods.
背景
大多数研究邻里关系与高血压相关结果之间作用的研究本质上都是定量研究，很少有研究考察特定的弱势群体，包括低收入住房居民。本研究的目的是通过定性访谈来探究低收入黑人女性对其邻里环境的看法，并了解这些看法如何影响她们的健康，尤其是与血压相关的健康。
方法
17名居住在纽约市公共住房社区的黑人女性参与者于2014年7月完成了一次半结构化的录音访谈。所有访谈都进行了转录、编码，并使用N'Vivo 10软件分析以找出新出现的主题。
结果
出现了三个主要主题：（1）社会联系，（2）压力因素，（3）食物选择的可获得性。例如，导致压力的因素在整个研究人群中各不相同。压力源包括家庭成员、就业和邻里环境中的不卫生。许多参与者将她们的压力归因于个人问题，如缺乏就业和人际关系。此外，许多参与者的普遍共识是，她们所在的社区应该有更多种类的健康食物可供选择。一些人认为社区中新鲜食品的价格应该更好地反映社区居民的经济状况。
结论
各种邻里环境影响因素，包括邻里环境混乱和缺乏健康食物选择，似乎都是增加黑人女性患高血压风险的因素。这项研究的意义包括，除了在低收入社区开展提高高血压意识的干预措施外，还需要制定促进良好邻里基础设施建设的干预措施（例如，开设健康食品店以鼓励养成良好的营养习惯，修建照明良好的步行道以鼓励日常锻炼）。
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