Alberti-Flor J J, Hernandez M E, Ferrer J P, Howell S
Mercy Hospital, Miami, Florida.
Am Fam Physician. 1989 Sep;40(3):179-82.
Pseudomembranous colitis is characterized by inflammatory plaques and pseudomembranes on the colonic mucosa. The disorder most commonly occurs after the use of antibiotics, which allow overgrowth of Clostridium difficile, a spore-forming, gram-positive rod that produces a toxin. Overgrowth of Staphylococcus aureus can also produce pseudomembranous colitis. In rare cases, pseudomembranous colitis is not associated with antibiotic use. When C. difficile is present, vancomycin or metronidazole usually produces a prompt response. In idiopathic cases, surgery may be required.
伪膜性结肠炎的特征是结肠黏膜上出现炎性斑块和伪膜。这种疾病最常发生在使用抗生素之后，抗生素会使艰难梭菌过度生长，艰难梭菌是一种形成芽孢的革兰氏阳性杆菌，可产生毒素。金黄色葡萄球菌过度生长也可导致伪膜性结肠炎。在罕见情况下，伪膜性结肠炎与抗生素使用无关。当存在艰难梭菌时，万古霉素或甲硝唑通常能迅速起效。在特发性病例中，可能需要进行手术。
