Brumback T Y, Worley Matthew, Nguyen-Louie Tam T, Squeglia Lindsay M, Jacobus Joanna, Tapert Susan F
University of California San Diego.
San Diego State University/University of California San Diego.
Dev Psychopathol. 2016 Nov;28(4pt1):1209-1216. doi: 10.1017/S0954579416000766.
Adolescence is a period marked by increases in risk taking, sensation seeking, and emotion dysregulation. Neurobiological models of adolescent development propose that lagging development in brain regions associated with affect and behavior control compared to regions associated with reward and emotion processing may underlie these behavioral manifestations. Cross-sectional studies have identified several functional brain networks that may contribute to risk for substance use and psychopathology in adolescents. Determining brain structure measures that prospectively predict substance use and psychopathology could refine our understanding of the mechanisms that contribute to these problems, and lead to improved prevention efforts. Participants (N = 265) were healthy substance-naïve adolescents (ages 12-14) who underwent magnetic resonance imaging and then were followed annually for up to 13 years. Cortical thickness and surface area measures for three prefrontal regions (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, inferior frontal gyrus, and orbitofrontal cortex) and three cortical regions from identified functional networks (anterior cingulate cortex, insular cortex, and parietal cortex) were used to predict subsequent binge drinking, externalizing symptoms, and internalizing symptoms. Thinner dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and inferior frontal cortex in early adolescence predicted more binge drinking and externalizing symptoms, respectively, in late adolescence (ps < .05). Having a family history of alcohol use disorder predicted more subsequent binge drinking and externalizing symptoms. Thinner parietal cortex, but not family history, predicted more subsequent internalizing symptoms (p < .05). This study emphasizes the temporal association between maturation of the salience, inhibition, and executive control networks in early adolescence and late adolescent behavior outcomes. Our findings indicate that developmental variations in these brain regions predate behavioral outcomes of substance use and psychopathology, and may therefore serve as prospective biomarkers of vulnerability.
青春期是一个以冒险行为增加、寻求刺激和情绪调节障碍为特征的时期。青少年发育的神经生物学模型提出，与奖励和情绪处理相关的脑区相比，与情感和行为控制相关的脑区发育滞后可能是这些行为表现的基础。横断面研究已经确定了几个功能性脑网络，这些网络可能导致青少年物质使用和精神病理学风险。确定能够前瞻性预测物质使用和精神病理学的脑结构测量指标，可以完善我们对导致这些问题的机制的理解，并有助于改进预防工作。参与者（N = 265）是健康的未使用过物质的青少年（年龄在12 - 14岁之间），他们接受了磁共振成像检查，然后每年随访长达13年。使用三个前额叶区域（背外侧前额叶皮质、额下回和眶额皮质）以及来自已确定功能网络的三个皮质区域（前扣带回皮质、岛叶皮质和顶叶皮质）的皮质厚度和表面积测量指标来预测随后的暴饮、外化症状和内化症状。青春期早期背外侧前额叶皮质和额下回较薄分别预测了青春期后期更多的暴饮和外化症状（p < .05）。有酒精使用障碍家族史预测了更多随后的暴饮和外化症状。顶叶皮质较薄而非家族史预测了更多随后的内化症状（p < .05）。这项研究强调了青春期早期显著性、抑制和执行控制网络成熟与青春期后期行为结果之间的时间关联。我们的研究结果表明，这些脑区的发育差异先于物质使用和精神病理学的行为结果，因此可能作为易感性的前瞻性生物标志物。
