School of Medicine, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon.
The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of Psychiatry "Ibn Omrane", Razi Hospital, Manouba, 2010, Tunisia.
BMC Psychol. 2023 Apr 17;11(1):120. doi: 10.1186/s40359-023-01160-z.
Lebanese adults face daily obstacles due to their numerous responsibilities and non-ending external pressures to the extent that Lebanon has been ranked second among highest negative experiences countries worldwide. A sparse number of international studies showed that positive social support, religiosity and cognitive reappraisal would decrease psychological distress, but none in Lebanon. This study aimed to evaluate the association between social support, religiosity and psychological distress among Lebanese adults, taking into consideration the moderating role of emotion regulation.
387 adult participants enrolled in this cross-sectional study between May and July 2022. Participants were chosen from five different governorates in Lebanon, using the snowball sampling technique, and were asked to complete a structured questionnaire, which included the following scales: the Mature Religiosity Scale, the Emotional Regulation Scale, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support.
The interaction social support by cognitive reappraisal was significantly associated with psychological distress; at high levels of cognitive reappraisal and low levels of expressive suppression, higher social support (Beta = - 0.07; p = .007) was significantly associated with lower psychological distress. The same was found at high levels of cognitive reappraisal and moderate levels of expressive suppression (Beta = - 0.08; p = .021). Social support alone was not significantly associated with psychological distress in the model (Beta = 0.15; t = 1.04; p = .300; 95% CI - 0.14; 0.44).
This cross-sectional study has provided evidence that the adequate use of emotional regulation skills such as high level of cognitive reappraisal and low level of expressive suppression with presence of social support would remarkably decrease psychological distress. This result casts a new light on clinical approaches to tackle this association between the emotional regulation of a patient in interpersonal psychotherapy.
由于黎巴嫩成年人承担着众多责任，并且面临着无尽的外部压力，他们每天都面临着各种困难，以至于黎巴嫩在全球体验负面经历最多的国家中排名第二。为数不多的国际研究表明，积极的社会支持、宗教信仰和认知重评会减轻心理困扰，但在黎巴嫩没有相关研究。本研究旨在评估社会支持、宗教信仰与黎巴嫩成年人心理困扰之间的关系，并考虑情绪调节的调节作用。
2022 年 5 月至 7 月期间，本横断面研究共纳入 387 名成年参与者。参与者通过滚雪球抽样技术从黎巴嫩五个不同的省份中选择，要求他们完成一份结构化问卷，其中包括以下量表：成熟宗教量表、情绪调节量表、抑郁焦虑压力量表和多维感知社会支持量表。
社会支持与认知重评的交互作用与心理困扰显著相关；在认知重评水平高、表达抑制水平低的情况下，较高的社会支持（Beta=-0.07；p=0.007）与较低的心理困扰显著相关。在认知重评水平高、表达抑制水平适中的情况下也是如此（Beta=-0.08；p=0.021）。在模型中，社会支持本身与心理困扰没有显著相关（Beta=0.15；t=1.04；p=0.300；95%CI-0.14；0.44）。
这项横断面研究提供了证据表明，适当运用情绪调节技能，如高水平的认知重评和低水平的表达抑制，同时存在社会支持，会显著降低心理困扰。这一结果为人际心理治疗中患者情绪调节的临床方法提供了新的思路。
