Wilkinson A R, Frampton C M, Glover P W, Davis F M
Department of Anaesthesia, Christchurch School of Medicine, New Zealand.
Anaesth Intensive Care. 1989 Aug;17(3):285-9. doi: 10.1177/0310057X8901700308.
In a randomised, double-blind study, a transdermal patch containing either hyoscine or placebo was applied post-auricularly in 190 adult patients under 65 year old, seven to twelve hours prior to their undergoing minor orthopaedic or plastic surgery under thiopentone/nitrous oxide/halothane general anaesthesia. In the first 24 hours after surgery 34% of patients vomited. The incidence of nausea (31% vs 54%; P less than 0.01) and the number of episodes of vomiting (66 vs 125; P less than 0.05) during the first 24 hours were significantly less with hyoscine than with placebo. The hyoscine group required fewer doses of antiemetic than the placebo group (12 vs 27; P less than 0.05). Side-effects were mild, the only difference between the two groups being the frequency of dry mouth immediately preoperatively. No differences were seen in the second 24 hours after surgery. We conclude that transdermal hyoscine is moderately effective in reducing the occurrence of postoperative nausea and vomiting following minor surgery.
在一项随机双盲研究中，190名65岁以下成年患者在硫喷妥钠/氧化亚氮/氟烷全身麻醉下接受小型骨科或整形手术前7至12小时，于耳后贴敷含东莨菪碱或安慰剂的透皮贴剂。术后24小时内，34%的患者出现呕吐。东莨菪碱组术后首24小时内恶心发生率（31%对54%；P<0.01）及呕吐发作次数（66次对125次；P<0.05）均显著低于安慰剂组。东莨菪碱组所需止吐药剂量少于安慰剂组（12次对27次；P<0.05）。副作用轻微，两组间唯一差异是术前即刻口干的频率。术后第二个24小时未见差异。我们得出结论，透皮东莨菪碱在减少小型手术后恶心和呕吐的发生方面有一定疗效。
