Al-Qudah Mohammad A, Al-Dwairi Ahmed
Department of Physiology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan. E-mail:
Neurosciences (Riyadh). 2016 Oct;21(4):306-313. doi: 10.17712/nsj.2016.4.20160080.
Neurotrophins are secreted proteins that are synthesized as pre-pro-neurotrophins on the rough endoplasmic reticulum, which are subsequently processed and then secreted as mature proteins. During synthesis, neurotrophins are sorted in the trans-Golgi apparatus into 2 pathways of secretion; the constitutive and the regulated pathways. Neurotrophins in the constitutive pathway are secreted cautiously without any trigger, while in the regulated pathway of secretion an external stimulus elevates the calcium concentration intracellularly leading to neurotrophin release. The regulation of sorting and secretion of neurotrophins is critical for several processes in the body, such as synaptic plasticity, neurodegenerative disorders, demyelination disease, and inflammation. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current mechanisms of neurotrophin sorting and secretion.
神经营养因子是分泌蛋白，在糙面内质网上以前体-前神经营养因子的形式合成，随后经过加工，以成熟蛋白的形式分泌。在合成过程中，神经营养因子在反式高尔基体中被分类到两种分泌途径；组成型途径和调节型途径。组成型途径中的神经营养因子在没有任何触发因素的情况下谨慎分泌，而在调节型分泌途径中，外部刺激会提高细胞内钙浓度，导致神经营养因子释放。神经营养因子的分类和分泌调节对于身体的几个过程至关重要，如突触可塑性、神经退行性疾病、脱髓鞘疾病和炎症。本综述的目的是总结神经营养因子分类和分泌的当前机制。
