Majerus Steve, Cowan Nelson
Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Liège, Liège Belgium.
Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO USA.
Front Psychol. 2016 Oct 3;7:1522. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01522. eCollection 2016.
Verbal short-term memory (STM) impairment is one of the most consistent associated deficits observed in developmental reading disorders such as dyslexia. Few studies have addressed the nature of this STM impairment, especially as regards the ability to temporarily store serial order information. This question is important as studies in typically developing children have shown that serial order STM abilities are predictors of oral and written language development. Associated serial order STM deficits in dyslexia may therefore further increase the learning difficulties in these populations. In this mini review, we show that specific serial order STM impairment is frequently reported in both dyslexic children and adults with a history of dyslexia. Serial order STM impairment appears to occur for the retention of both verbal and visuo-spatial sequence information. Serial order STM impairment is, however, not a characteristic of every individual dyslexic subject and is not specific to dyslexia. Future studies need to determine whether serial order STM impairment is a risk factor which, in association with phonological processing deficits, can lead to dyslexia or whether serial order STM impairment reflects associated deficits causally unrelated to dyslexia.
言语短期记忆（STM）损害是在发展性阅读障碍（如诵读困难）中观察到的最常见的相关缺陷之一。很少有研究探讨这种STM损害的本质，特别是关于临时存储序列顺序信息的能力。这个问题很重要，因为对正常发育儿童的研究表明，序列顺序STM能力是口头和书面语言发展的预测指标。因此，诵读困难中相关的序列顺序STM缺陷可能会进一步增加这些人群的学习困难。在这篇小型综述中，我们表明，在有诵读困难病史的儿童和成人中，经常报告存在特定的序列顺序STM损害。序列顺序STM损害似乎在言语和视觉空间序列信息的保留方面都会出现。然而，序列顺序STM损害并非每个诵读困难个体的特征，也不是诵读困难所特有的。未来的研究需要确定序列顺序STM损害是否是一种风险因素，与语音处理缺陷相关联时会导致诵读困难，或者序列顺序STM损害是否反映了与诵读困难因果无关的相关缺陷。
