Golsteijn Laura, Menkveld Rimousky, King Henry, Schneider Christine, Schowanek Diederik, Nissen Sascha
PRé Consultants bv, Stationsplein 121, 3818 LE Amersfoort, The Netherlands.
Unilever, Safety and Environment Assurance Centre, Sharnbrook, Bedford, MK44 1LQ UK.
Environ Sci Eur. 2015;27(1):23. doi: 10.1186/s12302-015-0055-4. Epub 2015 Oct 5.
A.I.S.E., the International Association for Soaps, Detergents and Maintenance Products, launched the 'A.I.S.E. Charter for Sustainable Cleaning' in Europe in 2005 to promote sustainability in the cleaning and maintenance products industry. This Charter is a proactive programme for translating the concept of sustainable innovation into reality and actions. Per product category, life cycle assessments (LCA) are used to set sustainability criteria that are ambitious, but also achievable by all market players.
This paper presents and discusses LCAs of six household detergent product categories conducted for the Charter, i.e.: manual dishwashing detergents, powder and tablet laundry detergents, window glass trigger spray cleaners, bathroom trigger spray cleaners, acid toilet cleaners, and bleach toilet cleaners. Relevant impact categories are identified, as well as the life cycle stages with the largest contribution to the environmental impact.
It was concluded that the variables that mainly drive the results (i.e. the environmental hotspots) for manual dishwashing detergents and laundry detergents were the water temperature, water consumption (for manual dishwashing detergents), product dosage (for laundry detergents), and the choice and amount of surfactant. By contrast, for bathroom trigger sprays, acid and bleach toilet cleaners, the driving factors were plastic packaging, transportation to retailer, and specific ingredients. Additionally, the type of surfactant was important for bleach toilet cleaners. For window glass trigger sprays, the driving factors were the plastic packaging and the type of surfactant, and the other ingredients were of less importance. A.I.S.E. used the results of the studies to establish sustainability criteria, the so-called 'Charter Advanced Sustainability Profiles', which led to improvements in the marketplace.
国际肥皂、洗涤剂及保养产品协会（A.I.S.E.）于2005年在欧洲推出了“可持续清洁A.I.S.E.宪章”，以促进清洁和保养产品行业的可持续发展。该宪章是一项积极的计划，旨在将可持续创新的理念转化为实际行动。针对每个产品类别，使用生命周期评估（LCA）来设定既雄心勃勃又能被所有市场参与者实现的可持续性标准。
本文介绍并讨论了为该宪章开展的六种家用洗涤剂产品类别的生命周期评估，即：手动餐具洗涤剂、洗衣粉和洗衣片、窗户玻璃喷雾清洁剂、浴室喷雾清洁剂、酸性马桶清洁剂和漂白剂马桶清洁剂。确定了相关的影响类别，以及对环境影响贡献最大的生命周期阶段。
得出的结论是，主要驱动手动餐具洗涤剂和洗衣粉结果（即环境热点）的变量是水温、用水量（针对手动餐具洗涤剂）、产品用量（针对洗衣粉）以及表面活性剂的选择和用量。相比之下，对于浴室喷雾、酸性和漂白剂马桶清洁剂，驱动因素是塑料包装、运往零售商的运输过程以及特定成分。此外，表面活性剂的类型对漂白剂马桶清洁剂很重要。对于窗户玻璃喷雾清洁剂，驱动因素是塑料包装和表面活性剂的类型，其他成分的重要性较低。A.I.S.E.利用研究结果制定了可持续性标准，即所谓的“宪章高级可持续性概况”，这带来了市场的改善。
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